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Fish and Shellfish
Published in Christopher Cumo, Ancestral Diets and Nutrition, 2020
Cod (Gadus morhua and G. macrocephalus) supplies abundant protein, phosphorus, and vitamins B3 and B12. Sardines (Sardina pilchardus) are rich in vitamins B3, B12, and D, selenium, phosphorus, calcium, iron, protein, and omega 3 fatty acids. One hundred grams of mackerel (species in genera Rastrelliger and Scomber) have above the U.S. Food and Drug Administration’s (FDA) daily value (DV) of vitamins B12 and D and plentiful protein, magnesium, potassium, and vitamin B6. Fish tends to provide more protein, vitamins, and minerals per calorie than livestock. Like meat, fish lacks vitamin C, fiber, and phytochemicals. Chapter 2 discussed these nutrients and others. Table 5.1 lists calories and nutrients in tuna, tilapia, pollock, cod, and mackerel.36
The late Middle Ages
Published in Michael J. O’Dowd, The History of Medications for Women, 2020
Cerates were softer than a traditional plaster and could be spread on the skin without melting. In more recent times there were various forms including a ‘blistering cerate’ which contained cantharides, and a ‘spermacetic cerate’ containing olive oil, spermaceti and white wax. Spermaceti (from the Latin sperma, sperm and cetus, or the Greek ketos, a whale, originally but incorrectly thought to be whale’s sperm) is white crystalline fat which derives from the head of the sperm whale, Physeter macrocephalus.Dorland (1932) indicated that it was a demulcent and was an ingredient of various cerates and ointments.
Micro- and Macroalgae Production in Thailand for Food, Feed and Other Applications
Published in Gokare A. Ravishankar, Ranga Rao Ambati, Handbook of Algal Technologies and Phytochemicals, 2019
Apiradee Hongsthong, Ratana Chaiklahan, Boosya Bunnag
Spirulina as feed additives are also wildly used on a commercial scale. Hemtanon et al. (2005) reported that a crude extract from S. platensis can inhibit the growth of the white spot syndrome virus and Vibrio harveyi in the black tiger shrimp. In the case of African sharp-tooth catfish, or Clarias gariepinus, the significant increase in weight gain, the specific growth rate, the average daily growth and the protein conversion rate were observed after it was fed with a 5% Spirulina supplemented diet for 60 days. The red and white blood cell counts, including the immunity of the catfish, were also enhanced (Promya and Chitmanat 2011). Similarly, the carotenoid content of the C. macrocephalus ovary was drastically increased from 1.22 to 3.0 mg/100 g of dry weight in the presence of 10% S. platensis in the diet (Chainapong and Traichaiyaporn 2013).
Cod Skin Oligopeptide Inhibits Human Gastric Carcinoma Cell Growth by Inducing Apoptosis
Published in Nutrition and Cancer, 2020
Liping Wu, Xiaofei Hu, Liyun Xu, Guoqiang Zhang
In recent years, bioactive peptides obtained from the skin gelatin of marine animals have been reported to have anticancer potential due to their antioxidant, antiproliferative, and anti-inflammatory activities (1, 4, 5). Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus) skin is a good source of gelatin, which can be used for the production of bioactive peptides via enzymatic hydrolysis (6). Several studies have demonstrated that the peptides derived from cod skin gelatin have significant anti-tumorigenic and antimetastatic activities (7, 8). However, the biological effects of cod skin gelatin hydrolysate on gastric cancer and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear.
Capturing spatiotemporal dynamics of Alaskan groundfish catch using signed-rank estimation for varying coefficient models
Published in Journal of Applied Statistics, 2022
In this section, we compare SR-based VCM fitting with the penalized LS approach in modeling catches of sablefish (Anoplopoma fimbria) and Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus) in the Gulf of Alaska. The data for this study were obtained from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) for download to the public. The annual longline survey of the Marine Ecology and Stock Assessment (MESA) Program drops baited lines at specific locations ( ‘stations’) off the coast of Alaska to catch groundfish species along the entire coast [1]. A catch per unit effort (CPUE) is calculated for each species within each geographic area [13]. MESA data were acquired for the years of 1979 through 2012. Sea surface temperature (SST) measured every three to six hours for corresponding locations and years 1982 through 2012 were obtained from infrared satellite sensors via the National Centers for Environmental Information [35]. SST is considered an important factor for recruitment in many fish species: since sablefish and cod larvae inhabit shallow coastal zones, they are likely to be directly affected by fluctuations in SST. Juvenile sablefish are believed to be particularly sensitive to water temperature changes [43,44], and Pacific cod show similar sensitivities, especially in growth rates and survival [25,27,28]. Since sablefish and Pacific cod spawn in deep waters in late winter and early spring, seasonal amplitude of SST was calculated as the mean of June, July, and August minus the mean of December, January, and February. In addition, sablefish and Pacific cod are not substantially recruited to longline gear in their adult habitat until at least five years of age [2,7,37], therefore SST measures were lagged by five years to consider the effect of temperature on the juvenile stage of the population entering recruitment.
Cytological and histological effects of pesticide chlorpyriphos in the gills of Anabas testudineus
Published in Drug and Chemical Toxicology, 2020
Babu Velmurugan, Elif Ipek Cengiz, Murat Yolcu, Pelin Uğurlu, Mariadoss Selvanayagam
Chlorpyrifos is very highly toxic to freshwater fish (Majumder and Kaviraj 2018). Its acute toxicity to various freshwater fish, with 96 h LC50 values ranging from 26 µgL−1 (Oreochromis mossambicus) to 33 mgL−1 (Clarias macrocephalus) was reported (Paracampo et al. 2015). The 96 h LC50 for chlorpyrifos is 2.5 mgL−1 in Anabas testudineus by Velmurugan et al. (2015).