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Order Picornavirales
Published in Paul Pumpens, Peter Pushko, Philippe Le Mercier, Virus-Like Particles, 2022
Paul Pumpens, Peter Pushko, Philippe Le Mercier
The enterovirus D68 (EV-D 68) belongs to the Enterovirus D species and is suspected to play a definite role in acute flaccid myelitis (AFM), an uncommon but serious neurological condition, mostly in young children. Zheng Q et al. (2019) resolved atomic structures of the EV D68 major phases throughout its life cycle, including mature, cell-entry intermediate (A-particle), and empty forms and of virus complex with two monoclonal antibodies, defining therefore distinct mechanisms of viral neutralization.
Enterovirus
Published in Dongyou Liu, Handbook of Foodborne Diseases, 2018
It is notable that Enterovirus A includes many coxsackievirus A strains (e.g., A10 and A18), enterovirus A strains (e.g., EV-A71), and a few simian enteroviruses (SV19, SV43, and SV46) as well as baboon enterovirus A13 (BA13); Enterovirus B comprises coxsackievirus B strains, echovirus strains, and enterovirus B strains as well as simian enterovirus SV5; Enterovirus C contains some coxsackievirus A strains, enterovirus C strains, and poliovirus A–C; and Enterovirus D consists of enterovirus D strains (e.g., EV-D68) (Table 5.2).
Enterovirus 68 and Human Respiratory Infections
Published in Sunit K. Singh, Human Respiratory Viral Infections, 2014
Janette C. Rahamat-Langendoen, Hubert G.M. Niesters
The cytopathic effect induced by EV68 was shown to be inhibited by monoclonal antibodies to the decay-accelerating factor (DAF; a membrane protein involved in the regulation of complement), which is also known to be the receptor of EV70.6,8 Besides, phylogenetic analysis of the EV68 prototype strain (Fermon strain, GenBank ID: AY426531) showed clustering of EV68 with EV70 in four genomic regions, thus providing convincing evidence of EV68 being a member of Enterovirus D. The other members of Enterovirus D are, as far as now known, not associated with respiratory disease: EV70 is regarded as an important cause of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis and EV94 is associated with acute flaccid paralysis.9,10 Recently, EV111 is identified as a new member of species D in fecal samples collected from chimpanzees in Cameroon. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that this isolate clustered with a human isolate from a patient with acute flaccid paralysis in the Congo, which was at first identified as EV70.11,12
Clinical characteristics of children infected with enterovirus D68 in an outpatient clinic and the association with bronchial asthma
Published in Infectious Diseases, 2018
Tsutomu Itagaki, Yoko Aoki, Yohei Matoba, Shizuka Tanaka, Tatsuya Ikeda, Katsumi Mizuta, Yoko Matsuzaki
Human enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) was first isolated from respiratory specimens of 4 hospitalized children with lower respiratory tract illness in 1962 in the USA [1]. EV-D68 belongs to the Human enterovirus D species, Enterovirus genus and Picornaviridae family. Three genetic groups, lineage 1 (clade C), lineage 2 (clade B) and lineage 3 (clade A), are circulating worldwide [2,3]. Unlike many other enteroviruses, EV-D68 is biologically more similar to human rhinoviruses (species, Human rhinovirus; genus, Enterovirus; family, Picornaviridae) and is associated with acute respiratory diseases [4]. Recently, a glycan array analysis revealed that EV-D68 preferentially recognizes sialic acid receptors with an α2–6-linkage, which are dominantly expressed in the upper respiratory tract, suggesting that EV-D68 might have an affinity for the upper respiratory tract [5].