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Vitritis and Posterior Uveitis
Published in Amy-lee Shirodkar, Gwyn Samuel Williams, Bushra Thajudeen, Practical Emergency Ophthalmology Handbook, 2019
There are two main groups of patients that end up in this category: patients with a panuveitis and patients with a predominantly intermediate or posterior uveitis. This main distinction is important as the presentation is very different. Chapter 7 details how patients with anterior uveitis present, and the same mechanism brings in the same group of patients with panuveitis. Patients develop photophobia, a red eye and blurred vision, and it is this that brings them to the attention of ophthalmic services, either via the optometrist or via accident and emergency. As mentioned in that chapter multiple times, EVERY patient with anterior uveitis will need to be dilated to rule out a panuveitis. It is impossible to rule out any posterior element of inflammation without looking. Figure 14.1 outlines the three areas of the eye that get inflamed in anterior, intermediate and posterior uveitis. A panuveitis implies that every section of the uveal tract is inflamed.
Bacteriology of Ophthalmic Infections
Published in K. Balamurugan, U. Prithika, Pocket Guide to Bacterial Infections, 2019
Arumugam Priya, Shunmugiah Karutha Pandian
Based on the ocular site of inflammation, uveitis can be classified into four major types as anterior uveitis, intermediate uveitis, posterior uveitis, and panuveitis. The inflammation of anterior chamber or the iris lesion or keratic precipitates are usually demarcated as anterior uveitis. Intermediate uveitis can be defined as the inflammation of the vitreous chamber with or without the involvement of peripheral retina. Inflammation affecting retina, choroid, retinal vessels, or posterior vitreous humor is defined as the posterior uveitis. Combination of inflammation in all three described sites is collectively termed panuveitis (Bodaghi et al., 2001).
The uveal tract
Published in Mary E. Shaw, Agnes Lee, Ophthalmic Nursing, 2018
Panuveitis is inflammation of the whole uveal tract. Again the cause is unknown, but some of the possible causes include sarcoidosis, Behçet’s disease, lupus, syphilis, Vogt–Koyanagi– Harada syndrome and TB fungal retinitis.
Role of Optical Coherence Tomography in the Prognosis of Vogt–Koyanagi–Harada Disease
Published in Ocular Immunology and Inflammation, 2021
Soon-Phaik Chee, Mafruha Afrin, Mayjane JG Tumulak, Jay Siak
Vogt–Koyanagi–Harada disease (VKH) is a T-cell-mediated autoimmune disease directed against antigens found on or associated with melanocytes.1,2 The prodromal phase may precede the acute uveitic phase, during which auditory and central nervous system manifestations may occur. Typically, bilateral panuveitis with choroiditis and exudative retinal detachments (RD) develop. Disc swelling may also be present. Patients who receive adequate doses of immunosuppression soon after the onset of disease often recover vision rapidly, with the resolution of their systemic manifestations, achieving good visual outcomes.3–6 However, up to over half these patients go on to develop chronic recurrent uveitis, vitiligo, and poliosis.7 Their clinical course may further be complicated by the development of complications such as cataract, glaucoma, subretinal fibrosis, choroidal neovascular membranes, and chorioretinal atrophy, resulting in visual loss in the long term. The introduction of immunomodulatory therapy (IMT) in these patients early after the onset of disease, especially those with severe disease, however, appears to arrest the inflammation, preserving vision.8–10
Polymeric micelles for the ocular delivery of triamcinolone acetonide: preparation and in vivo evaluation in a rabbit ocular inflammatory model
Published in Drug Delivery, 2020
Mohamed A. Safwat, Heba F. Mansour, Amal K. Hussein, Soha Abdelwahab, Ghareb M. Soliman
Uveitis is an inflammatory condition of the uvea, which comprises the iris, ciliary body and choroid (Guly & Forrester, 2010). Uveitis is one of the main causes of blindness and might be associated with systemic inflammation. It accounts for about 10% of blindness cases in people of working age in the Western societies (Suttorp-Schulten & Rothova, 1996). Uveitis can be classified into anterior, intermediate, posterior and panuveitis based on the anatomical location of ocular inflammation (Jabs et al., 2005). The etiology of uveitis varies according to the geographical location and includes infectious, noninfectious or ‘masquerade’ causes (Deschenes et al., 2008). The incidence of uveitis is around 20–50/100,000/year in Europe and USA with a prevalence around 100–150/100,000 population (Gritz & Wong, 2004). It most commonly affects the working age population with a mean age of incidence of 36 years (Çakar Özdal et al., 2014). The treatment options of uveitis depend on its etiology, the presence or absence of infection and the threat posed to sight (Guly & Forrester, 2010).
Update on the management of uveitis in children: an overview for the clinician
Published in Expert Review of Ophthalmology, 2019
Lucas Kim, Alexa Li, Sheila Angeles-Han, Steven Yeh, Jessica Shantha
The anterior chamber is the primary site of inflammation in anterior uveitis and includes inflammation of the iris alone (iritis), anterior part of the ciliary body (anterior cyclitis), or both structures (iridocyclitis) [2]. Intermediate uveitis is characterized by the vitreous as the major site of inflammation that includes the hyaloid membrane of the vitreous body (hyalitis) and the posterior part of the ciliary body (posterior cyclitis). Pars planitis specifically describes a ‘snowbank’ or ‘snowball’ formation that occurs in the absence of infection or an associated systemic disease [3]. Posterior uveitis is characterized by inflammation in the retina (retinitis), choroid (choroiditis), both the choroid and retina (chorioretinitis), or the optic disc (neuroretinitis) [4,5]. Panuveitis involves inflammation of all three parts of the uvea: the anterior chamber, vitreous, and choroid and/or retina [6].