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Monographs of fragrance chemicals and extracts that have caused contact allergy / allergic contact dermatitis
Published in Anton C. de Groot, Monographs in Contact Allergy, 2021
Of 15 patients allergic to oakmoss absolute, 2 co-reacted to evernic acid and one to usnic acid (82). Of 27 patients allergic to Frullania, 10 (37%) reacted to the fragrance mix, in 8 of these cases from allergy to Evernia prunastri (oakmoss) extract (42). These were considered not to be cross-reactions but multiple specific allergies (42).
Butamben
Published in Anton C. de Groot, Monographs in Contact Allergy, 2021
In a period of 15 years before 1991, in a University hospital in Amsterdam, 10 patients (9 women, 1 man, average age 48 years) with contact allergy to butyl aminobenzoate (butamben) have been investigated, six before 1980 and the other 4 in the period 1988-1990. They had all been sensitized from topical medicaments applied in the anogenital area and had positive patch tests to butyl aminobenzoate 2% pet. Six also reacted to ethyl aminobenzoate (benzocaine) 5% pet. Whether these were cross-reactions or co-reactions is not clear, as the patients might also have used topical pharmaceuticals with ethyl aminobenzoate and some pharmaceuticals contained, at that time, both butyl and ethyl aminobenzoate (2).
Treatment of Anaphylaxis
Published in Kirsti Kauppinen, Kristiina Alanko, Matti Hannuksela, Howard Maibach, Skin Reactions to Drugs, 2020
After recovery from severe anaphylactic reactions, patients should be followed up at the hospital for 24 hours because relapses are possible. The patient may benefit from peroral steroids after an acute anaphylactic episode. The identification of the agent causing anaphylaxis is extremely important for prophylaxis. Details on the specific drug allergy should be indicated in medical records. If possible, the patient should be informed about possible cross-reactions. If the exposure to the allergen is unavoidable, epinephrine can be prescribed for self-administration as an intramuscular injection (1 mg/ml; 0.3 to 0.5 mg intramuscularly) or as inhalation (10 to 20 inhalations; 0.15 mg/puff).12 During anesthesia, in cases with previous anaphylactic episodes, corticosteroids and histamine H1 and H2 blockers used simultaneously may prevent cardiorespiratory collapse and hypotonia.4,13 Very mild cases (pruritus, skin manifestations) can be treated with peroral hydrocortisone and antihistamines.
A narrative review on asthma and pest sensitization (cockroach, mouse and rat allergens): a social issue besides the medical problem
Published in Journal of Asthma, 2023
Gennaro Liccardi, Matteo Martini, Maria Beatrice Bilò, Manlio Milanese, Luigino Calzetta, Rossella Laitano, Paola Rogliani
It has been shown also that material hardship, a concept describing poor access to basic goods and services, and housing quality, increase the risk of environmental exposures to pest allergens (6). Rhee et al. (7) demonstrated that only pest allergies (from C and M), of those examined (pets, dust, plants and food), appear to have implications for poorly controlled asthma, exacerbations, and acute healthcare utilization in urban asthmatic adolescents. Pest allergen sensitization is associated with a higher odds of asthma exacerbations in urban minority youth of some specific population subgroups such as Latino Americans and African Americans (8). As expected, also indoor public environments (in particular schools located in the most degraded urban areas) are a significant source of exposure to pest allergens in children and adolescents (9). Pest allergens, both in private and public indoor environments, can be correlated with endotoxins (10) and trigger cross-reactions with other allergenic materials such as those from dust mites and domestic animals.
Allergy against Steroids in Ocular Inflammation
Published in Ocular Immunology and Inflammation, 2021
Luz Elena Concha-Del Rio, Pilar Uribe-Reina, Alejandra De-La-Torre
The most common route of sensitization of this type of reactions is the cutaneous application. Other routes have been described, such as aerosols.25 In order to understand the physiopathology of delayed reactions, it is important to know the chemical CS structure. CS basic ring is cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene, which suffers modifications such as esterification and halogenation in pursuance of improving therapeutics properties. This common characteristic is known to lead to cross-reactions.19 Coopman classification categorizes CS into four groups in the function of their allergenicity: A (hydrocortisone type, methylprednisolone, prednisolone, prednisone), B (triamcinolone acetonide type, budesonide, fluocinolone), C (betamethasone type, dexamethasone), and D (hydrocortisone-17-butyrate type, clobetasol).26 Later, Group D was later subdivided into two groups, D1 and D2, depending on the presence of a C16 methyl substitution and/or halogenation on the C9 of the B ring.17 It is demonstrated that members of a group cross-react with each other, but no with CS belonging to a different group.19
An update on adverse drug reactions related to β-lactam antibiotics
Published in Expert Opinion on Drug Safety, 2018
Konstantinos Z. Vardakas, Georgios D. Kalimeris, Nikolaos A. Triarides, Matthew E. Falagas
The second step is to fill the knowledge gap regarding the risk of cross-reactions between not only members of the β-lactam superfamily but also specific classes. Newer studies have shown that cross-reactions are not universal and pertain to specific agents with similar side chains or metabolites of the β-lactam core. The risk of a cross-reaction between a cephalosporin and penicillin or another cephalosporin with dissimilar side chains is as low as for any unrelated drug. Therefore, its use is justified in place of another β-lactam or non-β-lactam antibiotic with broader spectrum. An allergic reaction may appear, but this should not be indiscriminately named as cross-reaction as it is well known that patients truly allergic to penicillin are three times more likely to develop new allergies to unrelated substances [132].