China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
The Effects of Growth Hormone and Related Hormones on the Immune System
Published in Istvan Berczi, Pituitary Function and Immunity, 2019
Hormonal factors also influence the level of monocyte insulin receptors. Thus, in acromegalic patients, the total receptor concentration per cell was inversely related to the basal level of insulin. In acromegalics with normal glycemia, an increase in receptor affinity could also be demonstrated, which was not found in their hyperglycemic counterparts.83,84 Monocyte insulin binding was increased in patients with chronic glucocorticoid excess, or after chronic treatment with prednisone. Prednisone treatment caused an increase in receptor concentration, whereas in patients with adrenocortical hyperfunction, an increase in receptor affinity could be demonstrated.84 In young women, a higher monocyte insulin binding was found during the follicular menstrual phase as compared to the luteal phase,85 which suggests that female sex hormones may have an influence on insulin receptors.
Adrenal incidentalomas
Published in Demetrius Pertsemlidis, William B. Inabnet III, Michel Gagner, Endocrine Surgery, 2017
David C. Aron, Alexis K. Okoh, Eren Berber
Preoperative evaluation of patients for surgery mainly aims at ruling out the presence or absence of adrenocortical or adrenomedullary hyperfunction. An appropriate preoperative preparation of patients is essential to prevent complications. This includes a thorough biochemical evaluation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis and the correction of electrolyte abnormalities in patients with adrenocortical hyperfunction before surgery. Ruling out SAGH is important, as hyperfunction of the involved gland, apart from the long-term risks it may pose, might suppress the contralateral adrenal gland and thereby expose the patient to the risk of adrenal crisis after adrenalectomy [30]. Diagnostic strategies are discussed above. Patients with significant and long-lasting Cushing’s syndrome could be significantly deconditioned. These patients need significant attention to optimally prepare them for their adrenal surgery. However, these cases should not have come to surgical attention because of incidentalomas, but more properly should have been identified based on clinical grounds.
Dementia Associated with Medical Conditions
Published in Marc E. Agronin, Alzheimer's Disease and Other Dementias, 2014
Cushing's syndrome is associated with hypercortisolemia, and it results from adrenocortical hyperfunction. The most common cause of Cushing's syndrome is excess production of the adrenocorticotropic hormone in the anterior pituitary gland (Cushing's disease), but adrenocortical hyperplasia can also be a cause. Hypercortisolemia can lead to numerous neuropsychiatric symptoms, including memory impairment, poor concentration and attention, bradyphrenia, impaired abstract thinking, and depression (Belanoff, Gross, Yager, & Schatzberg, 2001). Addison's disease, or adrenocortical insufficiency, can also produce a slowly progressive dementia that is characterized by memory impairment, bradyphrenia, depression, and psychosis (Ten, New, & Maclaren, 2001). Mental status changes in both Cushing's syndrome and Addison's disease can be reversed with appropriate treatment.
Vitamin D inadequacy combined with high BMI affects paraspinal muscle atrophy and pain intensity in postmenopausal women
Published in Climacteric, 2022
H. Chen, H.-W. Xu, S.-B. Zhang, Y.-Y. Yi, S.-J. Wang
In postmenopausal women, ovarian function declines, endocrine disorders develop, estrogen secretion decreases and adrenocortical hyperfunction promotes the absorption and storage of fat, which increases the risk of obesity; in fact, about 50% of postmenopausal women are obese [9]. One study showed that a high body mass index (BMI) is related to a lower 25(OH)D concentration, with a 1.15% decrease in the 25(OH)D concentration for each unit increase in the BMI [10]. In addition, some studies have shown that a low vitamin D concentration is related to reduced strength and impaired function of the PSMs, and obesity may also be associated with poor muscle function [11,12]. It is clinically relevant to clarify the associations among the vitamin D concentration, a high BMI and PSM function in older women and to assess whether there is an interaction between BMI and vitamin D deficiency.