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Modelling and analysis of skin pigmentation
Published in Ahmad Fadzil Mohamad Hani, Dileep Kumar, Optical Imaging for Biomedical and Clinical Applications, 2017
Ahmad Fadzil Mohamad Hani, Hermawan Nugroho, Norashikin Shamsudin, Suraiya H. Hussein
Pigmentation disorders are disturbances of human skin tone, either loss or reduction, which may be related to loss of melanocytes or the inability of melanocytes to produce melanin or transport melanosomes correctly. Pigmentary problems can be divided into two—those that are hyper-pigmented due to either increase in melanin (melanotic) or melanocytes (melanocytic), and those that are hypo-pigmented due to decrease or the absence of either melanin (hypomelanotic) or melanocytes (melanocytopaenic). Table 4.1 shows different types of pigmentation disorders.
Drug-induced hyperpigmention
Published in Dimitris Rigopoulos, Alexander C. Katoulis, Hyperpigmentation, 2017
Pigmentation disorders include a large number of heterogeneous conditions that are usually characterized by altered melanocyte density, melanin concentration, or both, and result in altered pigmentation of the skin. Some of these disorders are extremely common (melasma and vitiligo), whereas others are rare. In this contribution, we review the most common pigmentation disorders that appear on the face. These lesions, even though mostly asymptomatic, have a great impact on a patient’s quality of life.
An emerging technology in lipid research for targeting hydrophilic drugs to the skin in the treatment of hyperpigmentation disorders: kojic acid-solid lipid nanoparticles
Published in Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology, 2020
Khadijeh Khezri, Majid Saeedi, Katayoun Morteza-Semnani, Jafar Akbari, Seyyed Sohrab Rostamkalaei
Pigmentation disorders are one of the most common skin diseases that are caused by abnormal distribution, structure and function of melanocytes. The pigmentation disorders’ treatment has always been challenging and discouraging for the most population especially women. The most middle-aged women have often abnormal pigmentation on their facial skin and these skin disorders are related to various endogenous and exogenous agents [4]. Pigmentation disorders can be expressed in two forms of skin pigmentation increase (hyperpigmentation) and decrease (hypopigmentation). These skin pigmentation disorders can cause aesthetic, cognitive and psychological challenges for the patients and have psychosocial effects on them. Common typical pigmentation disorders including melasma (chloasma) and ephelides (freckles) are related to disturbance in skin pigmentation [5–7].
Novel formulations for topical delivery of tranexamic acid: assessing the need of epidermal targeting for hyperpigmentation disorders
Published in Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery, 2023
Piyush Verma, Khushwant S. Yadav
Skin pigmentation disorders is an umbrella term used for different pigmentation disorders, broadly classified as hyperpigmentation and hypopigmentation disorders. Hyperpigmentation disorders such as melasma, post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation, and lentigo appear as dark skin, whereas hypopigmentation disorders such as vitiligo and idiopathic guttate hypomelanosis appear as light skin. Some of these disorders are common and some of them are rare [1]. Pigmentation or coloration of skin is related to melanin content and type in the skin [2]. Pigmentation disorders are known to negatively impact patients and affect their quality of life [3], making efficient treatment of hyperpigmentation necessary.
Natural options for management of melasma, a review
Published in Journal of Cosmetic and Laser Therapy, 2018
According to statistical data, The American Academy of Dermatology estimates that melasma affects 5–6 million women in the United States (26). Research shows that pigmentation disorders are the third (8, 8%) largest group of skin disorders in dermatology practices. In Brazil, pigmentary disorders are the second largest (11, 6%) complaint in women (27). In South Africa, there is paucity of data in statistics. As a developing country with its diversity similar to America, the statistics may suggest similar patterns in South Africa.