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Adapting Injection Techniques to Patients of Different Ethnicity
Published in Yates Yen-Yu Chao, Sebastian Cotofana, Anand V Chytra, Nicholas Moellhoff, Zeenit Sheikh, Adapting Dermal Fillers in Clinical Practice, 2022
Yates Yen-Yu Chao, Zeenit Sheikh, Chytra V. Anand
The top aging concerns of Indian women broadly fall into two categories: from 20 to 40 years and over 40 years (Kapoor et al., 2017; Farkas et al., 2005; Jagadish Chandra et al., 2012; Kalra et al., 2015). From 20 to 40 years, the top concerns are infraorbital hollowing and periorbital hyperpigmentation (the shadow effect), lip augmentation, facial shape, nasolabial folds, and skin radiance or hydration. The reasons for these are a retruded maxilla, loss of subcutaneous tissue, a thinner upper lip, and shorter face height.
Exploring the Plant Kingdom for Sources of Skincare Cosmeceuticals
Published in Mahendra Rai, Shandesh Bhattarai, Chistiane M. Feitosa, Wild Plants, 2020
Mayuri Napagoda, Sanjeeva Witharana
Skin color is primarily determined by the amount of melanin present in the skin. Melanin is a pigment produced by melanocytes through a process known as melanogenesis, from which the amino acid L-tyrosine gets converted by the enzyme tyrosinase into dopaquinone (Cooksey et al. 1997). Although melanogenesis and skin pigmentation are considered as natural photoprotective approaches in response to UV-induced skin photocarcinogenesis, the increased melanin synthesis and accumulation of these pigments give rise to many aesthetic and dermatological problems, such as melasma, periorbital hyperpigmentation, freckles, or lentigines (Smit et al. 2009, Zolghadri et al. 2019). Pigmentation is either dependent on the number, size, composition, and distribution of melanocytes, or activity of melanogenic enzymes. Furthermore, cutaneous pigmentation is resulted from melanin synthesis by melanocytes and transfer of melanosome to keratinocytes (Lin et al. 2008).
Increased expression of TGF-β protein in the lesional skins of melasma patients following treatment with platelet-rich plasma
Published in Journal of Cosmetic and Laser Therapy, 2019
Eman R. M. Hofny, Mahmoud Rezk Abdelwahed Hussein, Alaa Ghazally, Asmaa M. Ahmed, Amira A. Abdel-Motaleb
In our investigation, we observed an amelioration or even absence of hyperpigmentation of the basal cell layer of the skin of melasma patients following PRP treatment. This finding concurs with previous studies (10,24,25). Alshami et al. examined the therapeutic effects of three sessions of autologous PRP injections into the periorbital area as well as the whole face in 50 patients with periorbital hyperpigmentation. The results were documented by digital photography. Excellent, significant, moderate and mild improvement were reported in two, six, 23 and 19 patients, respectively (10). Similarly, Mehryan et al. examined the outcome of intradermal PRP injection (a single session) in 10 patients with periorbital dark circles and crow’s feet. The effects of PRP injections included improvement in infraorbital color homogeneity but without significant changes in melanin contents (24). The amelioration of hyperpigmentation following PRP treatment may be reasoned to an increase in skin volume making the skin more glowing. The volemic increase is due to the formation of blood vessel (under the effects of platelet-derived growth factor), collagen and components of the extracellular matrix, including hyaluronic acid. The latter increases skin tone and volume (25,26).
Efficacy and safety of fractional CO2 laser and tranexamic acid versus microneedling and tranexamic acid in the treatment of infraorbital hyperpigmentation
Published in Journal of Dermatological Treatment, 2022
Reza Ghandehari, Reza M. Robati, Nasim Niknezhad, Nastaran Hajizadeh, Zohreh Tehranchinia
Eyes are one of the most important parts of facial features and imperfections around eyes have a great psychological impact on both men and women. Periorbital hyperpigmentation (POH) is defined as homogenous, hyperchromia encircling the eyes (1). It is also known as ‘Periorbital melanosis’ or ‘dark circle’. Periorbital hyperpigmentation results from the combination of various factors including genetic or constitutional pigmentation, subcutaneous vascularity, peri-orbital edema, secondary hyperpigmentation due to atopic or allergic contact dermatitis, shadow as a result of skin laxity or tear trough and medications (2,3). In practice, it is difficult to distinguish between the various causes which often needs a multimodal therapeutic approach.
Periorbital Discolouration Diagnosis and Treatment: Evidence-Based Review
Published in Journal of Cosmetic and Laser Therapy, 2020
Maria Katerina Pissaridou, Ali Ghanem, Nicholas Lowe
Skin lightening agents are frequently used in the management of infraorbital hyperpigmentation. Commonly used compounds include hydroquinone, retinoids, kojic acid, vitamin C, azelaic acid, and peptides. Most evidence-based studies assess the effect of these compounds on photo damaged skin, mostly melasma. Very few studies address their use on periorbital hyperpigmentation.