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Herbs with Antidepressant Effects
Published in Scott Mendelson, Herbal Treatment of Major Depression, 2019
Atractylodes macrocephala, called Baizhu in China, is a plant of the sunflower family native to Asia. It has long been used as a tonic agent in various ethno-medical systems, especially in China. It is noted by Yeung et al. to be among the most commonly used ingredients in TCM herbal treatments of depression.1 More than 79 chemical compounds have been isolated from Atractylodes macrocephala, including sesquiterpenoids, triterpenoids, polyacetylenes, coumarins, phenylpropanoids, flavonoids and flavonoid glycosides, steroids, benzoquinones, and polysaccharides. The rhizome also contains a number of unique terpenoid lactones – referred to as atractylenolides. Extracts of the herb have been found to exhibit anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, hypoglycemic, anti-aging, anti-oxidative, neuroprotective activity, and immunomodulatory effects, as well as improving gastrointestinal function and gonadal hormone regulation.
Increasing the Sensitivity of Adipocytes and Skeletal Muscle Cells to Insulin
Published in Christophe Wiart, Medicinal Plants in Asia for Metabolic Syndrome, 2017
Aqueous extract of rhizome of Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz. given orally at a dose of 500 mg/k/day to Sprague–Dawley rats on high-fat diet for 6 weeks had no effect on food intake, lowered body weight, plasma triglycerides (suggesting lipase inhibition) from 162 to about 75 mg/dL (normal: 111 mg/dL), and had no effect on high-density lipoprotein–cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein–cholesterol.236In vitro, the extract at a concentration of 25 μg/mL attenuated by about 20% 3T3-L1 preadipocytes differentiation induced by isobutylmethylxanthine-dexamethasone-insulin via reduction of phosphorylated Akt and had no effect on perilipin expression.236
Integrative hyperthermia treatments for different types of cancer
Published in Clifford L. K. Pang, Kaiman Lee, Hyperthermia in Oncology, 2015
Clifford L. K. Pang, Kaiman Lee
Medications: The proposed prescriptions were as follows: Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz 30 g, Poria Cocos 30 g, Radix glycyrrhizae Preparate 6 g, Alisma orientalis 30 g, Ramulus cinnamomi 6 g, Perilla seed 15 g, Prunella vulgaris 15 g, cowherb seed 30 g, Hedyotis diffusa Willd 30 g, Scutellaria barbata 15g, Agrimonia pilosa Ledeb 30 g, Lophatherum gracile Brongn 10 g, Juncus effusus L. 10 g, Radix rehmanniae 15 g, and Mentha haplocalyx Briq 6 g, one dose a day and decocted with water for oral intake.
Modified Zhibai Dihuang pill alleviated urinary tract infection induced by extended-spectrum β-lactamase Escherichia coli in rats by regulating biofilm formation
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2023
Kaifa Chen, Yongsheng Zhu, Hongwei Su, Hao Jiang, Xin Liu
The MZD used in this study was prepared by experts of the Affiliated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Southwest Medical University, conformed with the compatibility principle, and was prepared uniformly by the pharmacy department of the hospital. Briefly, MZD is the fusion of Chinese classical prescriptions Zhibai Dihuang Pill and Bazheng Powder, including 15 g Phellodendron amurense Rupr. (Rutaceae), 10 g Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bunge (Liliaceae), 10 g Alpinia oxyphylla Miq. (Zingiberaceae), 12 g Cuscuta chinensis Lam. (Convolvulaceae), 15 g Plantago asiatica L. (Plantaginaceae), 12 g Polygonum aviculare L. (Polygonaceae), 12 g Dianthus superbus L. (Caryophyllaceae), 12 g Gardenia jasminoides J.Ellis (Rubiaceae), 20 g Astragalus mongholicus Bunge (Fabaceae), 15 g Poria cocos (Schw.) Wolf. (Polyporaceae), 12 g Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz. (Asteraceae), 10 g Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi (Lamiaceae) and 12 g Achyranthes bidentata Blume (Amaranthaceae). Water was added to the MZD mixture at a 10:1 ratio (water: plant material, v/w). After 30 min of soaking in water, the plant material was boiled twice for 1 h each and filtered. The filtrate was then concentrated to 3.33 g/mL using a rotary evaporator (RF02C, Shanghai Kangsheng Industrial Co., Ltd., China) and stored at 4 °C until use.
Intestinal epithelial damage due to herbal compounds – an in vitro study
Published in Drug and Chemical Toxicology, 2023
Susan M. Britza, Ian F. Musgrave, Rachael Farrington, Roger W. Byard
Stock solutions of hepatotoxic coumarin, and purported CYP3A4 inhibitors astragaloside IV (AST-IV) and atractylenolide I (ATR-I) were prepared using dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). AST-IV and ATR-I are phytochemicals common in many herbal medicines, including Astragalus propinquus Schischk and Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz, and have previously been identified as potential significant CYP3A4 inhibitors (Lau et al.2013, Zhong et al.2013, Song et al.2014). In a previous case of fatal suspected herbal interaction, AST-IV and ATR-I were each identified as significant contributors (Gilbert et al.2014). Phytochemicals were dissolved in 100 µl of DMSO, then 900 µl 10% DMSO was added to make a 10 mM stock solution. Chemicals were further diluted in 10% DMSO for working solutions, with final DMSO concentrations of less than 2%. Medium was aspirated from plates following 48 hours of incubation, and 100 µl of serum-free medium substituted. Phytochemicals were added at increasing concentrations ranging from 0–1000 µM for coumarin, and 0–300 µM for AST-IV and ATR-I, with 10% DMSO control. Plates were returned to be incubated for a further 48 hours. The phytochemical solutions were stored at 0–4 °C until further use.
Implications for herbal polypharmacy: coumarin-induced hepatotoxicity increased through common herbal phytochemicals astragaloside IV and atractylenolide I
Published in Toxicology Mechanisms and Methods, 2022
Susan M. Britza, Ian F. Musgrave, Roger W. Byard
Several of the prescribed herbs may have contributed to the lethal outcome, however furanocoumarin-induced toxicity influenced by the presence of cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzyme inhibiting phytochemicals is the more likely scenario (Gilbert et al. 2014). Furanocoumarins are abundantly found in herbal products including Psoralea corylifolia, present in this case, and have been shown to primarily be metabolized through CYP enzymes including CYP3A4 and CYP2A6 which detoxifies, and CYP2E1 and CYP1A1/2 that produces toxic intermediates, like the pathway of coumarins (Figure 1) (Born et al. 2000; Ji et al. 2015). Hence, any modulation of these enzymes or clearance mechanisms (e.g. glutathione conjugation) could have an influence over the toxic development of coumarins and furanocoumarins. CYP modulating phytochemicals have been found in Astragalus propinquus and Atractylodes macrocephala, both present in the case previously outlined (Gilbert et al. 2014). Astragaloside IV (AST-IV) and atractylenolide I (ATR-I) have demonstrated CYP3A4 inhibition in previous studies (Lau et al. 2013; Zhong et al. 2013; Song et al. 2014), and hence could have been influencing factors in the toxicity that observed in this case (Figure 1). Although these interactions are plausible, the interactive capabilities of these herbal products are under researched.