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The Role of Plant-Based Natural Compounds in Inflammation
Published in Namrita Lall, Medicinal Plants for Cosmetics, Health and Diseases, 2022
Marcela Dvorakova, Premysl Landa, Lenka Langhansova
From a rhizome of Alisma orientale (Sam.) Juzep., used in Chinese medicine, two triterpenes, alisol B and its acetate, were isolated. These two triterpenes inhibited 5-LOX activity in cell-based assay with IC50 values of 3.5 µM and 3.7 µM, respectively (Lee et al., 2012). From a rhizome of another plant, Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bunge, seven saponins were isolated and screened for their ability to inhibit COX and 5-LOX enzymes (Xie et al., 2020). In the case of 5-LOX, the compounds exerted inhibitory activity with IC50 values between 1.05 µM and 3.29 µM, while the IC50 value of Zileuton was 0.23 µM. On COX-2, their IC50 values ranged between 0.48 µM and 36.4 µM, with the IC50 value of the reference compound celecoxib being 0.06 µM. The best dual COX-2/5-LOX inhibitory activity was observed for timosaponin B-II (IC50 = 0.77 µM and 1.57 µM for COX-2 and 5-LOX, respectively) and timosaponin B-III (IC50 = 0.48 µM and 1.82 µM for COX-2 and 5-LOX, respectively). In addition, 5-LOX inhibitory activity of timosaponins and related compounds isolated from the Zi-shen pill was studied by the same group (Wang et al., 2020).
Inhibiting Insulin Resistance and Accumulation of Triglycerides and Cholesterol in the Liver
Published in Christophe Wiart, Medicinal Plants in Asia for Metabolic Syndrome, 2017
The protostane-type triterpene alisol M 23-acetate and alisol A 23-acetate (Figure 3.38) isolated from Alisma orientale (Sam.) Juz. at a concentration of 10 µM evoked farnesoid X receptor agonistic properties in HepG2 cells.503
In vitro assessment of the inhibitory effect of goreisan extract and its ingredients on the P-glycoprotein drug transporter and cytochrome P-450 metabolic enzymes
Published in Xenobiotica, 2022
Mikina Takiyama, Takashi Matsumoto, Noriko Kaifuchi, Yasuharu Mizuhara, Eiji Warabi, Katsuya Ohbuchi, Kazushige Mizoguchi
To assess the inhibitory effect of goreisan extract on drug transporters, extract powder (lot no. 2200017010), the base powder of goreisan without excipients, was obtained from Tsumura & Co. (Tokyo, Japan). It is prepared by spray-drying a hot water extract of a mixture of the following five crude drugs: Alismatis Tuber (the tuber of Alisma orientale Juzepczuk, 27.6%), Atractylodis Lanceae Rhizoma (the roots of Atractylodes lancea De Candolle, Atractylodes chinensis Koidzumi, 20.7%), Polyporus (the sclerotium of Polyporus umbellatus Fries, 20.7%), Poria (the sclerotium of Wolfiporia cocos Ryvarden et Gilbertson, 20.7%), and Cinnamomi Cortex (the bark or periderm of Cinnamomum cassia Blume, 10.3%). The drug was manufactured according to Good Manufacturing Practices as defined by the MHLW. [3H]-Digoxin (969.4 GBq/mmol) and [3H]-mannitol (588 GBq/mmol) were obtained from Perkin-Elmer, Inc. (Waltham, MA, USA). Digoxin was purchased from Alfa Aesar (Ward Hill, MA, USA). Mannitol was purchased from Fujifilm Wako Pure Chemical Industries (Osaka, Japan). Verapamil hydrochloride was purchased from Enzo Life Sciences (Farmingdale, NY, USA). Foetal bovine serum, nonessential amino acids, and a mixed solution of penicillin, streptomycin, and glutamine used for Caco-2 cell culture were purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Waltham, MA, USA).
Yishen capsule promotes podocyte autophagy through regulating SIRT1/NF-κB signaling pathway to improve diabetic nephropathy
Published in Renal Failure, 2021
Yuxiang Liu, Wenyuan Liu, Ziyuan Zhang, Yaling Hu, Xiaodong Zhang, Yanyan Sun, Qingqing Lei, Dalin Sun, Ting Liu, Yanjun Fan, Hui Li, Wujie Ding, Jingai Fang
DN is one of the most common complications of diabetes and a leading cause of end-stage chronic kidney disease. DN-associated morbidity is increasing annually. In the early stage, DN manifests clinically as microalbuminuria (defined as a urinary albumin excretion rate of 20–200 µg/min), followed by macroalbuminuria and renal failure with the progression of the disease. Symptomatic treatment including control of blood glucose, blood lipids, and blood pressure, is currently the main clinical strategy to delay the progression and related complications of the disease. Currently, the prevention and treatment of DN mainly focuses on the use of medications, such as angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers. However, their clinical efficacy in delaying DN progression is limited. Tremendous progress has been made in the treatment of DN using traditional Chinese herbal medicines, thus bringing hope to DN patients. Herein, we found that Yishen capsule that is mainly composed of five Chinese herbs (Astragalus membranaceus, Angelica sinensis, Euryale ferox, Alisma orientale, and Rhodiola rosea) improves DN by promoting autophagy through the regulation of the SIRT1/NF-κB pathway.
Alisol A 24-acetate protects oxygen–glucose deprivation-induced brain microvascular endothelial cells against apoptosis through miR-92a-3p inhibition by targeting the B-cell lymphoma-2 gene
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2021
Yangjie Zhou, Wei Wei, Julian Shen, Lu Lu, Taotao Lu, Hong Wang, Xiehua Xue
Alisol A 24-acetate, one of the main active components of Alisma orientale (Sam.) Juz. (Alismataceae), has been frequently used in the treatment of vascular diseases. In fact, our previous studies showed that Alisma and alisol A 24-acetate attenuated inflammation and oxidative stress (Xue et al. 2014, 2016), indicating their protective role against vascular diseases. To date, however, no study has yet investigated whether alisol A 24-acetate protects endothelial cells against apoptosis. Therefore, the present study sought to investigate the role of alisol A 24-acetate on OGD-induced mouse BMECs and to further explore potential mechanisms.