China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Head and Neck Muscles
Published in Eve K. Boyle, Vondel S. E. Mahon, Rui Diogo, Handbook of Muscle Variations and Anomalies in Humans, 2022
Eve K. Boyle, Vondel S. E. Mahon, Rui Diogo, Warrenkevin Henderson, Hannah Jacobson, Noelle Purcell, Kylar Wiltz
Omohyoid may partially or entirely originate from the superior transverse scapular ligament (Macalister 1875; Mori 1964; Lee and Yang 2016; Standring 2016). Omohyoid may partially or entirely originate from the acromion process (Macalister 1875; Knott 1883a; Bergman et al. 1988; Lee and Yang 2016). It may also originate entirely from the first rib (Macalister 1875) or from the coracoid process (coraco-hyoid of Gruber) (Knott 1880, 1883a). Tubbs et al. (2004a) found an origin of omohyoid from the scapula and an insertion into the transverse process of the sixth cervical vertebra. A partial origin of omohyoid from the clavicle may take the form of an additional head (Hallett 1848; Wood 1864, 1868; Macalister 1875; Knott 1880; Bergman et al. 1988; Lee and Yang 2016). When the additional head is present, it typically joins with the inferior belly before ending in the intermediate tendon (Hallett 1848; Macalister 1875). The inferior belly may also originate entirely from the clavicle (Hallett 1848; Macalister 1867b, 1875; Bergman et al. 1988; Standring 2016; Singh et al. 2018).
Upper Limb
Published in Rui Diogo, Drew M. Noden, Christopher M. Smith, Julia Molnar, Julia C. Boughner, Claudia Barrocas, Joana Bruno, Understanding Human Anatomy and Pathology, 2018
Rui Diogo, Drew M. Noden, Christopher M. Smith, Julia Molnar, Julia C. Boughner, Claudia Barrocas, Joana Bruno
The larger portion of the scapula (Plate 4.7a and b) is formed by intramembranous ossification, while the outer parts are mainly formed by endo-chondral ossification. Along the superolateral portion of the scapula are the acromion, suprascapular notch (bridged by the superior transverse scapular ligament), and supraspinous fossa. The scapular spine extends from the acromion to divide the supraspinous fossa and infraspinous fossa (located superior and inferior to the spine, respectively). On the lateral aspect is the glenoid fossa (or glenoid cavity, deepened by the cartilaginous glenoid labrum), which articulates with the humerus. The supraglenoid tubercle lies just superior to this cavity, while the infraglenoid tubercle lies inferior. Inferior to the glenoid cavity is the lateral border of the scapula, which, when followed medially, becomes the inferior angle of the scapula. The medial (vertebral) border of the scapula will become the superior angle of the scapula when followed superiorly. The coracoid process lies inferior to the acromion and just medial to the glenoid cavity (this process is the remnant of a bone present in our fish ancestors, the coracoid bone).
Peripheral nerve disorders
Published in Ashley W. Blom, David Warwick, Michael R. Whitehouse, Apley and Solomon’s System of Orthopaedics and Trauma, 2017
Michael Fox, David Warwick, H. Srinivasan
The suprascapular nerve arises from the upper trunk of the brachial plexus in the posterior triangle of the neck and then courses through the suprascapular notch beneath the superior transverse scapular ligament to supply the supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscles. It also sends sensory branches to the posterior part of the glenohumeral joint, the acromioclavicular joint, the subacromial bursa, the ligaments around the shoulder and (in a small proportion of people) the skin on the outer, upper aspect of the arm.
Anatomical aspects of the selective infraspinatus muscle neurotization by spinal accessory nerve
Published in Journal of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, 2021
Radek Kaiser, Aneta Krajcová, Michal Makel, Gautham Ullas, Veronika Němcová
SSN arises from the upper trunk of the brachial plexus which is formed by the union of the ventral rami of the C5 and C6 and rarely from C4 root. The nerve passes across the posterior triangle of the neck parallel to the inferior belly of the omohyoid muscle and deep to the trapezius muscle. It then runs along the superior border of the scapula, passes through the suprascapular notch inferior to the superior transverse scapular ligament and enters the supraspinous fossa. It then passes beneath the supraspinatus, relatively fixed on the floor of the supraspinatus fossa, and curves around the lateral border of the spine of the scapula through the spinoglenoid notch to the infraspinous fossa. In 84%, there were no more than two motor branches to the supraspinatus muscle and in 48% the infraspinatus muscle had three or four motor branches of the same size [11]. The mean diameter of the suprascapular nerve at the suprascapular notch is 2.48 ± 0.6 mm [12].
Current concepts review: peripheral neuropathies of the shoulder in the young athlete
Published in The Physician and Sportsmedicine, 2020
Tamara S. John, Felicity Fishman, Melinda S. Sharkey, Cordelia W. Carter
Suprascapular neurapraxia in young athletes usually results from entrapment and/or compression. The suprascapular and spinoglenoid notches are the most common locations for nerve compression (Figure 6). Recent studies have identified morphological characteristics of both the suprascapular notch [38] and superior transverse scapular ligament (TSL) that play a significant role in an individual’s risk for nerve entrapment, including a narrow notch or a hypertrophied and/or calcified ligament [38,39]. One group of investigators analyzed the morphology of the suprascapular notch in 291 pediatric scapulae using CT scans and reported an association between age and notch type. Based on their findings, they suggest that the suprascapular notch undergoes postnatal development during childhood [39].
Anatomical feasibility study of the infraspinatus muscle neurotization by lower subscapular nerve
Published in Neurological Research, 2023
Aneta Krajcová, Michal Makel, Gautham Ullas, Veronika Němcová, Radek Kaiser
SSN arises from the upper trunk of the brachial plexus, which is formed by the union of the ventral rami of the C5 and C6 and rarely from the C4 root [7]. It runs along the superior border of the scapula, passes through the suprascapular notch inferior to the superior transverse scapular ligament and enters the supraspinous fossa. It then passes beneath the supraspinatus muscle, and curves around the lateral border of the spine of the scapula through the spinoglenoid notch to the infraspinous fossa (Figure 1) [8]. The mean diameter of the suprascapular nerve at the suprascapular notch is 2.48 ± 0.6 mm [6].