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Neuroanatomy
Published in Helen Butler, Neel Sharma, Tiago Villanueva, Student Success in Anatomy - SBAs and EMQs, 2022
38 Which foramen, located directly beneath the posterior clinoid process, allows the passage of the internal carotid artery? Foramen rotundumForamen ovaleForamen spinosumForamen lacerumJugular foramen
Brain
Published in Joseph Kovi, Hung Dinh Duong, Frozen Section In Surgical Pathology: An Atlas, 2019
Joseph Kovi, M.D. Hung Dinh Duong
Germinoma must be separated from other tumors occurring in the pineal region. Plain skull X-ray is usually normal in germinoma; marked suprasellar calcification and destructive changes of the posterior clinoid processes is a common finding in patients with craniopharyngioma.175 Hypothalamic infiltration with histiocytosis X or reticulum cell sarcoma-microglioma may give rise to diabetes insipidus. In both of these latter conditions, however, the disease is not confined to the central nervous system; in histiocytosis X, the lungs, bones, but also other organs are affected, and in reticulum cell sarcoma-microglioma there is often generalized involvement of the lymphoreticular system noted.151,175
Anatomy for neurotrauma
Published in Hemanshu Prabhakar, Charu Mahajan, Indu Kapoor, Essentials of Anesthesia for Neurotrauma, 2018
Vasudha Singhal, Sarabpreet Singh
The tentorium cerebelli separates the occipital lobes of the cerebral hemispheres from the cerebellum. It is attached anteriorly to the posterior clinoid process of sphenoid, laterally to the petrous temporal bone, and posteriorly to the transverse sulci of the occipital bone. The falx cerebri attaches to the tentorium in the midline, pulling it upwards, giving it a tent-like appearance. The tentorium cerebelli divides the cranial cavity into supratentorial and infratentorial compartments. The free concave anteromedial border forms a U-shaped gap called the tentorial notch, filled by the midbrain and the anterior part of the superior aspect of the cerebellar vermis.
Ophthalmic Manifestations of Rathke’s Cleft Cyst and Its Association to Radiological Characteristics
Published in Current Eye Research, 2021
Hyeshin Jeon, Hie Bum Suh, Woohyun Chung, Hee-young Choi
The radiological characteristics of RCC observed by MRI were analyzed by a neuro-radiology specialist. The height, size, and location of RCC, as well as the optic chiasm displacement, were measured. The height of the mass was defined as the length from the lowest part to the top of the mass, measured on coronal magnetic resonance images. Three maximal diameters (a, b, and c) in three orthogonal planes were measured, and the mass size was calculated using the following formula: 0.52 (a × b × c). The location of RCC was classified as sellar, suprasellar, and sellar + suprasellar. The maximum distance between the reference lines and the lower surface of the optic chiasm was measured on both sagittal and coronal images. The reference line was set between the frontal base and the posterior clinoid process on sagittal images, and between the upper surface of the bilateral internal carotid artery on coronal images (Figure 1).
Microsurgical techniques for achieving gross total resection of ependymomas of the fourth ventricle
Published in Acta Chirurgica Belgica, 2020
Anatomic triangles conveniently conceptually organize the neuroanatomical relationships of the cranial nerves, intracranial vessels, dural reflections, and bony of the cavernous sinus and surrounding zones (e.g., clinoidal and oculomotor triangles; supratrochlear and infratrochlear [Parkinson’s] triangles, anteromedial and anterolateral middle fossa triangles; posteromedial middle fossa [Kawase’s] and posterolateral middle fossa [Glasscock’s] triangles; and inferomedial and inferolateral paraclival triangles) and intermuscular zones of the upper and lower extremities, back, and pelvis transmitting and forming the anatomic borders of critical neurovascular bundles. Conversely, the contoured dural surface of the tentorium pierced by the oculomotor and trochlear nerves and formed between its dural folds (i.e., anterior petroclinoid, posterior petroclinoid, and interclinoid folds) and attachments to the anterior clinoid process, posterior clinoid process, and petrous apex of the petrous temporal bone and is a true anatomic trigone, accordingly and appropriately termed the oculomotor trigone. Similarly, the posterior internal surface of the bladder interposed between the inflow ureters and urethral outlet represents a true anatomic trilateral contour, accordingly and appropriately termed the bladder trigone.
Superior oblique palsy: A case report
Published in Cogent Medicine, 2020
Ngozika Esther Ezinne, Kingsley Kenechukwu Ekemiri, Aliyah Khan
The trochlear nerve arises from the trochlear nucleus of the brain, emerging from the posterior aspect of the midbrain (it is the only cranial nerve to exit from the posterior midbrain) (Brazis, 1993). It runs anteriorly and inferiorly within the subarachnoid space before piercing the dura mater adjacent to the posterior clinoid process of the sphenoid bone. The nerve then moves along the lateral wall of the cavernous sinus (along with the oculomotor nerve, the abducens nerve, the ophthalmic and maxillary branches of the trigeminal nerve and the internal carotid artery) before entering the orbit of the eye via the superior orbital fissure. The trochlear nerve innervates the superior oblique, which is a muscle of oculomotion (Kim et al., 2020). The tendon of the superior oblique is tethered by a fibrous structure known as the trochlea, giving the nerve its name. Although the mechanism of action of the superior oblique is complex, in clinical practice it is sufficient to understand that the overall action of the superior oblique is to depress and intort the eyeball (Morillon & Bremner, 2017).