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Vascular Trauma
Published in James Michael Forsyth, How to Be a Safe Consultant Vascular Surgeon from Day One, 2023
Now your options are varied. This is dealer's choice, or horses for courses. As for me, in the trauma setting, I like a decent exposure and nice, long extensile incisions. I also do not mind dividing the clavicle. Therefore, I would extend the supraclavicular incision across the middle third of the clavicle and swing it down towards the infraclavicular fossa. I would extend it across the coracoid process, and I would have no hesitation to swing my incision down into the axilla (i.e., into proximal brachial artery territory).
Development and anatomy of the venous system
Published in Peter Gloviczki, Michael C. Dalsing, Bo Eklöf, Fedor Lurie, Thomas W. Wakefield, Monika L. Gloviczki, Handbook of Venous and Lymphatic Disorders, 2017
The superficial veins of the upper limb are the cephalic and basilic veins and their tributaries (Figure 2.12). The dorsal venous plexus of the hand continues into the cephalic vein on the radial and into the basilica vein on the ulnar side. The cephalic vein begins at the “anatomical snuff box,” courses over the distal radius to the ventral aspect of the forearm, and ascends on the lateral side of the arm and in the deltopectoral groove. It enters the infraclavicular fossa, pierces the clavipectoral fascia, and empties into the axillary vein. The basilic vein ascends on the ulnar side of the forearm, perforates the deep fascia about midway in the arm, and, after receiving the deep brachial vein, it continues into the axillary vein. The median cubital vein connects the cephalic and basilic veins in front of the elbow. Variations are common, including the presence of additional major venous trunks, such as the accessory cephalic or antebrachial veins. The deep veins (radial, ulnar, brachial, and axillary veins) are usually paired and follow the course of the main arteries of the arm.
Pectoral Region and Breast
Published in Gene L. Colborn, David B. Lause, Musculoskeletal Anatomy, 2009
Gene L. Colborn, David B. Lause
Lymphatic Drainage. Lymphatic flow from most of the glandular tissue and from the areola and nipple passes first to the anterior pectoral lymph nodes beneath the lower border of the pectoralis major and along the lateral thoracic vein (Fig. 4:5). This lymph flows then to other axillary nodes and nodes located along the axillary vein. Lymph from these passes to the infraclavicular and apical nodes in the region of the infraclavicular fossa. See Figure 4:5 for the locations of principle node groups.
Superficial location of the brachial plexus and axillary artery in relation to pectoralis minor: a case report
Published in Southern African Journal of Anaesthesia and Analgesia, 2018
The infraclavicular fossa is an important anatomical area, in which infraclavicular approaches to brachial plexus blocks and central venous cannulation of the subclavian vein via the axillary vein are routinely performed in clinical practice.1,2 The anterior border of the infraclavicular fossa is formed by the pectoralis minor and major muscles, the medial border by the ribs and intercostal muscles, the superior border by the clavicle and the coracoid process of the scapula, and the lateral border by the humerus. The cords of the brachial plexus as well as the axillary artery and vein are situated in the infraclavicular fossa.1
Peripheral nerve stimulation: black, white and shades of grey
Published in British Journal of Neurosurgery, 2019
Viraat Harsh, Parijat Mishra, Preeti K Gond, Anil Kumar
The IPG is placed deep enough to avoid erosion and at the same time, to allow reprogramming and recharging if and when required. The region of placement must be relatively immobile so as to minimize repetitive mechanical stress23. The infraclavicular fossa is the area of choice for stimulating nerves in the upper extremity whereas for the lower extremity, thigh or abdominal cavity may be used. Ribs, superior iliac crest and areas close to iliohypogastric and genitofemoral nerves should be avoided. The neurostimulation parameters usually vary within a set range (Table 1).