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Introduction
Published in Stephen A. Roosa, Steve Doty, Wayne C. Turner, Energy Management Handbook, 2020
Stephen A. Roosa, Steve Doty, Wayne C. Turner
Beginning in 2001, Executive Order 13123, Section 403(d), instructed federal agencies to develop sustainable design principles and apply them in planning and building new facilities [13]. This order also instructed agencies to optimize life-cycle costs, mitigate environmental impacts and reduce energy costs associated with the construction, life-cycle operation, and decommissioning of a facility. The order’s chief goals are to reduce the greenhouse gas emissions associated with Federal facility energy use by 30% by 2010 in comparison to 1990 levels, to reduce energy consumption by 35% between 1985 and 2010, and to increase water conservation and the cost-effective use of renewable energy [13]. The U.S. Department of Energy’s (DOE)Federal Energy Management Program (FEMP) has supported several federal facilities working to meet these goals through a process called greening [13]. In 2011, a summary of the results was provided by Chris Tremper of FEMP, baselined to 1975. Regardless, the results for federal government energy use have been impressive. For the period 1975 to 2007, the federal government had reduced its energy use by 31%, that’s 35% less energy used in the facility sector and 28% less in the mobility sector [18]. As of 2015, the federal government has decreased building energy intensity by more than 47% compared to 1975 and by 25% compared to a new 2003 baseline (see https://energy.gov/eere/femp for details).
Tools and methodology for monitoring, measurement, and verification
Published in Michael Ginsberg, Solar Photovoltaic Power Optimization, 2019
The Energy Policy Act of 2005 authorized the U.S. Federal Energy Management Program (FEMP), a part of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), to mandate the use of energy data systems (EDS) for federal buildings over 5,000 ft2 (465 m2). EDS simply collect data from sensors without displaying it. A facility team can do nothing with the data if they cannot monitor it. Now, facilities that had EDS are upgrading them to energy information systems (EIS) so the data can be viewed and analyzed. To display the data a facility will often use a web-based system with a Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP). The many meters recording the data from your system send data by TCP/IP over Local Area Networks (LAN), typically Ethernet, but increasingly Wi-Fi. Figure 4.1 shows the GUI of a solar energy system including the daily and historical production and earnings.
How Attitudes Influence Energy Consumption
Published in John Eggink, Managing Energy Costs: A Behavioral and Non-Technical Approach, 2020
Of course, rewards do sweeten the pot and can increase energy savings. The rewards do not need to be financial; they can simply be recognition and reinforcement of energy conservation activities. One of the best organizations at this is the US Department of Energy Federal Energy Management Program (FEMP). They recognize and publish the pictures of Energy Award winners. This recognition, in turn, motivates others to save energy. In another instance, some universities share a small portion of the savings with participants and allow the students to use the money however they see fit. In a business setting, this reward system can be as simple as an Energy Champion Coffee Cup. If you feel rewards are necessary, be sure to utilize them as necessary.
Retrofit measures evaluation considering thermal comfort using building energy simulation: two Lisbon households
Published in Advances in Building Energy Research, 2021
Ricardo Gomes, Ana Ferreira, Luís Azevedo, Rui Costa Neto, Laura Aelenei, Carlos Silva
Different indices are commonly used to evaluate the data matching and quantify the accuracy of the validation of the model. These criteria determine how well simulated data matches the measured data at the selected time interval. Statistical indices have become the international reference criteria for the validation of calibrated models. They have been recommended by three main international bodies in the following documents (Fabrizio & Monetti, 2015): American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) Guidelines 14 (St.14);International Performance Measurements and Verification protocol (IPMVP);M&V guidelines for the US Federal Energy Management Program (FEMP).
Postauditing and Cost Estimation Applications: An Illustration of MCMC Simulation for Bayesian Regression Analysis
Published in The Engineering Economist, 2019
This article presents an alternative, the general MCMC simulation approach, which (1) allows Bayesian estimations, which are more versatile than the traditional non-Bayesian methods (for example, standard regression), and (2) permits the efficient development of posterior distributions when conjugates do not exist. The objective of this article is to introduce MCMC simulation–based Bayesian analysis to the engineering economic analysis area and to illustrate why and how the method can be implemented. The article contributes to the literature by using regression analysis in a postaudit setting as the framework to illustrate how to implement MCMC simulation–based Bayesian analysis using WinBUGS and RStan software packages. The postaudit setting involves the evaluation of capital investment on energy-efficient initiatives undertaken by government agencies. The data pertain to the U.S. Federal Energy Management Program (FEMP) Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (EISA) Section 432, which deals with management of energy and water efficiency in federal buildings. Project data related to energy and water efficiency investment projects undertaken by 851 facilities of numerous government agencies were obtained through the FEMP EISA 432 Compliance Tracking System on May 31, 2016. The article also illustrates the versatility of the MCMC simulation approach for Bayesian analysis and highlights the main issues that a user has to be aware of.
Experimental study using different heat transfer fluid of a packed bed thermal energy storage system during charging process
Published in Australian Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2018
Cool storage technology can be used to significantly reduce energy costs by allowing energy intensive, electrically driven cooling equipment to be predominantly operated during off-peak hours when electricity rates are lower. In addition, some system configurations may result in lower first costs and/or lower operating costs, Federal Energy Management Program (2000).