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Electrical Aspects of Power Generation
Published in Shoaib Khan, Industrial Power Systems, 2018
The fault current limiters are high power, power electronic, or controlled magnetic devices that will pass normal load current while in a low-impedance condition (low regulation), but which automatically transit to a high impedance when a through fault occurs. Such devices can be applied to resolve the problems associated with the increased fault levels. Their application is on the rise in existing installations, and even in some generator circuits.
Superconducting and non-superconducting fault current limiters: the developmental journey and upcoming prospects
Published in Australian Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, 2022
Anand Kumar Singh, Nivedita Singh, Aditya Narayan Singh
A fault current limiter comprises a copper bar and a current limiting fuse (Figure 1a) (Poornima 2014). When no fault is encountered or during the normal functioning of the distribution system, the load current usually flows through a copper wire, keeping fuse shorted out. However, during the fault conditions, it becomes imperative that the heavy inrush of excess current must be interrupted before reaching the maximum allowable transient current by forcing it to flow through the current limiting fuse. These fault currents are of very transient in nature and thus very fast switching/triggering devices are required. In addition to these activities, an explosive charge (Figure 1b) quickly breaks the conducting path through the copper bar and thus protects the system from further loss (Poornima 2014). It is now the fault current is forced to flow through the current limiting fuse (Figure 1b) to achieve the first natural zero. Once this is reached, the fault current through current limiting devices reaches zero. This sequence is shown in Figure 1c.
A coordinated control strategy using supercapacitor energy storage and series dynamic resistor for enhancement of fault ride-through of doubly fed induction generator
Published in International Journal of Green Energy, 2019
Subhendu Sekhar Sahoo, Kalyan Chatterjee, P.M. Tripathi
Fault current limiter (FCL) is found to be a more effective element and an innovative technology for protecting the rotor circuit, converters and enhancement of LVRT capability. Superconducting fault current limiter (SFCL) is one type of FCL, which utilizes superconducting material, offers self-regulating behavior, and does not require any control scheme to categorize the normal operating state and disturbed state (Xiao et al. 2018b). Bridge type fault current limiter (BFCL)is one alternative of SFCL, and offers a promising FRT solution for WECS (Naderi, Jafari, and Hagh 2011). A non-linear control Modified bridge type fault current limiter (MBFCL) is anticipated for DFIG (Rashid and Ali 2017), where the structure adopts a simple non-linear control with easy execution.Stator dynamic composite FCL confined of a resistor, inductor circuit and bi-directional semiconductor switch (Gayen, Chatterjee, and Goswami 2016). The inductor assists the reduction in rotor-induced voltage and the effective impedance of rotor circuit also increases. DC-link switchable resistive type FCL (SRFCL) is presented in Behzad et al. (2017), which is accommodated in the DC-side of RSC in DFIG, effectively eliminated the fault consequences even for zero grid voltage. The cost of SRFCL is also less due to use of non-superconducting inductance.
Application of Thyristor Bridge-Type Non-Superconducting FCL with Buck Series Charging to Improve the FRT Capability of the DFIG System
Published in Electric Power Components and Systems, 2021
Umesh Chaudhary, Praveen Tripathy, Sisir Kumar Nayak
Unlike the traditional fault current limiters (FCL), the FCLs based on the solid-state devices are classified into three major types, i.e., series switch-type, bridge-type, and resonance-type [21, 29]. In [30], authors have focused on the bridge-type fault current limiter (BTFCL), which utilizes a 1- diode bridge rectifier connected to an inductor using the superconducting coil. Similarly, in [31], a 3- rectifier-type FCL has been reported with a superconducting coil as a DC reactor without a DC-bias voltage source. These superconducting coil based FCL is costly and requires more maintenance. In [32], a capacitor-based non-superconducting fault current limiter (CB-NSFCL) has proposed, which also suffers from the disadvantage of high cost due to the presence of the voltage source and capacitor. In [22, 33], the non-superconducting fault current limiter (NSFCL) topology uses the diode bridge as a DC-bias voltage source and non-superconducting coil with controllable switches connected across the breaking resistor. In normal operation, the current flows through the DC reactor and switches, and during the fault, the current flow through the fault reactor, breaking resistor and diode bridge. Since, the fault current flows through the DC reactor and diode bridge, the current rating of them is quite high, thus increasing the cost of its implementation. In [34], the switched impedance transformer-type non-superconducting fault current limiter (TT-NSFCL) topology is used to protect the DC reactor against high fault and uses a battery for loss compensation during normal operation. The use of the constant battery is not very effective in voltage compensation; moreover, it also increases the cost of the system, and hence, not economically feasible.