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A hybrid machine learning method for procurement risk assessment of non-ferrous metals for manufacturing firms
Published in International Journal of Computer Integrated Manufacturing, 2022
Jian Ni, Yan Hu, Ray Y. Zhong
The GARCH model is originally developed to deal with the commonly observed heteroscedasticity in financial time series, which cannot be handled by traditional regression analysis. Engle (1982) firstly proposed a p-order autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity (i.e. ARCH (p)) model to analyze time series with volatility clustering characteristics from the perspective of conditional distribution. The disadvantage of the ARCH (p) model is that a number of parameters are needed if the p-order is too large. Bollerslev (1986) then introduced the GARCH model to solve this problem. GARCH models suppose that the variance of the current term is a function of both the square terms of the past error term and previous conditional variance terms. To formally introduce the GARCH model, several required math symbols are summarized in Table 1