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Basic Perspective Terms
Published in Craig Attebery, The Complete Guide To Perspective Drawing, 2018
The vanishing point is at infinity. Objects get smaller as they recede in space, therefore at infinity all objects disappear. Parallel lines of infinite length appear as converging lines and connect to the same vanishing point. Vanishing points can be on the horizon line, above the horizon line, or below the horizon line. There can be an unlimited number of vanishing points, but there is only a single one-point vanishing point. This single point is always located at the center of vision. Figure 1.4 demonstrates how the vanishing point and previously discussed terms relate to each other.
Direct My Eye
Published in Chris Jackson, Flash Cinematic Techniques, 2012
If one face of an object is parallel to the picture plane, or its horizontal lines and vertical lines are parallel to the picture plane, the resulting image is a one-point perspective. There is only one vanishing point on the horizon line. In animation, one-point perspective is commonly used for roads, railroad tracks, or buildings and props that directly face the audience.
Methods of Spatial Visualisation
Published in Ken Morling, Stéphane Danjou, Geometric and Engineering Drawing, 2022
In perspective projection, any parallel lines not parallel to the projection plane converge at the same single point, the vanishing point. This phenomenon can be observed on any photo taken from a building or from an object which consists of parallel faces and edges. The closer we get to the projection plane, the more the edges become oblique.
Math and Art: An Introduction to Visual Mathematics, 2nd ed.,
Published in Technometrics, 2022
Chapter 5 of Perspective reviews the evolution of the rules of perspective drawing developed during the Renaissance to produce in the two-dimensional canvas the realistic pictures of the three-dimensional objects of the world. The basic rules of perspective representation are described, including diminishing size of the objects which are farther from the drawing plane, parallel lines not in the drawing plane are depicted as intersecting at the so-called vanishing point, features of the horizon line, etc. Perspective drawing and constructions of 2D- and 3D-objects is considered in various examples, including impossible worlds depicted by intentional diversion in the rules of perspective drawing. Mathematical formulation of the perspective drawing is considered with homogeneous coordinates and the matrix presentation for perspective images of points.
Preliminary Support for the Line Bias Illusion as a Contributor to Black Hole Effects
Published in The International Journal of Aerospace Psychology, 2020
F. Eric Robinson, Henry Williams, Adam T. Biggs
The lack of a definitive explanation for BHI provides an interesting opportunity to apply classic perceptual investigations of line illusions to a real-world aviation safety problem. The present study explored a novel hypothesis to explain BHI that assumes pilots rely on the same visual spatial strategies during both day and nighttime landing approaches, but the visual cues available during black hole conditions are insufficient for the effective use of those strategies. As described below, the horizon is a critical spatial cue. The horizon may be identified visually, but also corresponds to the vanishing point of parallel lines such as those formed by the runway edges. We hypothesize that under BHI conditions, pilots attempt to utilize an inferred horizon generated through estimates of the projected convergence point of the runway edge lights, but a misperception of this implicit horizon (Lintern & Liu, 1991) leads to BHI. The experiments described here were intended to provide preliminary data to test the plausibility of this hypothesized misperception, referred to here as the Line Bias Illusion, as a causal mechanism for BHI. Our hypothesis is supported by several concepts in the broader psychological literature, as well as empirical data regarding the effect of implicit horizons.
The role of a graphical interpretation factor in the assessment of Spatial Visualization: A critical analysis
Published in Spatial Cognition & Computation, 2023
Kristin A. Bartlett, Jorge Dorribo Camba
Rather than axonometric, some of the stimuli in the original V/K MRT are rendered as perspective projections. However, the viewpoints used to present some of the shapes cause the perspective drawings to be inaccurate. In perspective drawing, lines that are parallel to one another in the real shape appear to converge to a single point (called vanishing point) in the drawing. In the case of question 2 option D of the original V/K MRT (shown in Figure 5), for example, many of the lines that recede back to the vanishing point are not converging correctly, leading to a warped appearance of the shape. The extended lines should converge at a single point.