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Nouns
Published in Steve Hart, Written English, 2017
Nouns that cannot be counted do not have clear boundaries. They have no clear parts that can be separated or enclosed. They are all part of the whole without any obvious limits. These uncountable nouns are usually concepts, abstract ideas, qualities, substances or emotions.
Elements of English Grammar
Published in Marialuisa Aliotta, Mastering Academic Writing in the Sciences, 2018
A noun is a word representing a thing or a person. Nouns can be grouped into the following categories:Common: everyday words that represent some concrete or abstract (see below) object, feeling, place, idea, etc.Proper: names of a place, a person, or an institution. They are always capitalised, as in India, Elizabeth, The University of Edinburgh.Countable: common nouns that can take a plural. As such, they can combine with numerals or quantifiers and can take an indefinite article a or an: a book, an orange, three dosimeters.Uncountable: common nouns that cannot take a plural. As such, they cannot combine with numerals or quantifiers and cannot take an indefinite article; for example: furniture, luggage. These words are used with singular verbs.Collective: nouns referring to groups of individuals or entities. Examples include: committee, family, police. In English, these nouns can be used with a singular verb when referring to the entity as a group, or with a plural verb when referring to the individual members. For example: A committee (group) was appointed to short list the applicants but The committee (individual members) were impressed by the candidate.Concrete: nouns that refer to physical entities and can typically be perceived by one or more of our senses. For example: dog, toothbrush, detector, thermometer.Abstract: nouns representing ideas, qualities, feelings, concepts or other intangible objects. Examples include: theory, research, ability. Occasionally, the distinction between concrete and abstract nouns is not clear cut. For example, music can either identify an abstract concept as well as a specific musical piece. In scientific writing, many abstract nouns (typically those ending in -(t)ion, -ment, -ance, -ness, -ism, -ty) are often used in lieu of a verb. Because abstract nouns require a little more brain processing than concrete nouns or verbs, it is generally better to use the corresponding verb instead, as suggested in Section 5.3.2.
A tutorial introduction to reinforcement learning
Published in SICE Journal of Control, Measurement, and System Integration, 2023
The most important aspect of an MDP is the concept of a “policy,” which is just a systematic way of choosing given . If is any map, this would be called a deterministic policy, and the set of all deterministic policies is denoted by . Alternatively, let denote the set of probability distributions on the finite set . Then a map would be called a probabilistic policy, and the set of probabilistic policies is denoted by . Note that the cardinality of equals , while the set is uncountable.
Image based statistical process monitoring via partial first order stochastic dominance
Published in Quality Engineering, 2022
Panagiotis Tsiamyrtzis, Marco Luigi Giuseppe Grasso, Bianca Maria Colosimo
It is important to remember that in this study we consider pixel values in a bounded (countable) set, namely while in other applications, for example, infrared imaging, we might have each pixel value to refer to temperature, giving rise to an unbounded (uncountable) set. The bounded aspect makes the problem a bit more difficult, as it imposes certain constrains on the ecdfs. For example, all frames will have an ecdf value of 1 at the maximum allowable pixel value 255 (i.e., for all frames). In this context the idea of stochastic dominance is a very strong requirement that is difficult to be valid when we consider the entire range of the support set (i.e., ). In Figure 5 we provide an IC and an OOC frame, where despite their notable difference (even in the ecdf) no stochastic ordering (over the whole support set) can be established, as the ecdfs cross.
On using reservoir computing for sensing applications: exploring environment-sensitive memristor networks
Published in International Journal of Parallel, Emergent and Distributed Systems, 2018
Vasileios Athanasiou, Zoran Konkoli
where are adjustable parameters and is the number of memristors. The notation is used to emphasise the fact that the memristance at a time point t depends on earlier values of q and u. In rigorous mathematical terms the memristance is a functional of these two variables. The memristance depends on the history of how these two variables change in time, thus on an infinite (uncountable) sequence of values. Figure 2 illustrates how the output is constructed.