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Statics
Published in J.N. Fawcett, J.S. Burdess, Basic Mechanics with Engineering Applications, 2012
If the contact surface is not frictionless the contact force will have both tangential and normal components. As the body attempts to slide over the surface S along the line of the common tangent, the friction force on the body will always oppose the incipient motion.
Coupled hydro-chemo-mechanical model for fault activation under reactive fluid injection
Published in European Journal of Environmental and Civil Engineering, 2023
H. Tounsi, A. Pouya, J. Rohmer
The momentum balance equation is supplemented by a non linear elastoplastic constitutive model. The relationship between the stress and the displacement tensor is the following: where τ and are the tangential and normal stresses in the joint, ut and un the tangential and normal components of the relative displacement vector and kt and kn the tangential and normal components of the joint stiffness. The latter are equivalent to the ratio of the fault’s material stiffness and the fault thickness. Similarly with the empirical approach adopted in Section 2.1.4 to model the mechanical degradation of the porous medium due to chemo-physical interactions, Equations (13) and (14) are used, respectively, to describe the variation of kn and kt with the fault’s material porosity
Accident prevention via information transfer from vehicles to pedestrians based on visual functions of velocity perception
Published in Cogent Engineering, 2022
The tangential and normal components of velocity V of the visual object are perpendicular and parallel, respectively, to the visual axis. These two components are connected with the two types of visual information used in perceiving velocity, namely, the position of the visual object in the field of vision and the relative size of the visual object, as outlined in the previous section. In perception through the visual object’s location in the field of vision, the velocity v that is projected on the retinal surface S directly corresponds to the tangential component of velocity Vt (Figure 1), and the size of the visual is expressed through angular velocity of the depression angle in relation to the object, as expressed in Equation (4).
A Numerical Based Parametric Study on Seismic Amplifications Due to Soft Deposits on Seabed
Published in Journal of Earthquake Engineering, 2022
Víctor Martínez Calzada, Pablo Arizpe Carreón, Jovan Basaldúa Sanchez, Alejandro Rodríguez Castellanos
where and are the tangential and normal components of the incident tractions, respectively. is the incident normal displacement. By discretizing the Equations (17–25) and assuming that force densities are constant at the boundary, the above equations are now expressed as