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How Does Organizational Change Evaluation Differ from Training Evaluation?
Published in Maureen Connelly Jones, William J. Rothwell, Evaluating Organization Development, 2017
Zakiya Alsadah, Ali Alkhalaf, Maureen Connelly Jones
Lewin developed a methodology that improved the system and conceptualized a theory in the process (Bushe, 2000). His concept, known as action research, included “interweaving of laboratory experiment, systematic research in the field, and client service” (Papanek, 1973, p. 317). Lewin believed that the motivation to change was strongly related to action. So, if people are active in decisions that affect them, they are more likely to change. Lewin’s work initiated the creation of an approach to learning about groups, participation in groups, interpersonal relations, and change. This approach was developed through action research and the T-group (a group of people engage in intensive evaluation, by peers and instructors, in order to improve their skills). For Lewin, it was not enough to try to explain things; one also had to try to change them, and one had to involve others (the T-group) in that process of understanding and changing. Thus, working at changing human systems often involved variables that could not be controlled by traditional research methods in the physical sciences (Coghlan & Claus, 2005; White, 2004). The idea of action research was born when Lewin focused “on the need to bridge the gap between science and the realm of practical affairs. Science, he said, should be used to inform and educate social practice, and subsequent action then would inform science” (Cooperrider & Srivastva, 1987, p. 150).
Small-Group Interventions: Achieving Effectiveness Through Interpersonal Training
Published in William J. Rothwell, Sohel M. Imroz, Behnam Bakhshandeh, Organization Development Interventions, 2021
The T-group experience for all parties involved begins before any face-to-face interactions. For the trainers, there are preparation meetings that include deciding who will lead plenary sessions and which colleagues will be paired together as co-trainers, as well as discussions on when reminders to the group might be necessary. Training administrators, such as the Dean of the training, typically contact participants via email ahead of the face-to-face meeting to share information to help in preparation for the HI Lab, including: a) letter from the Dean with an overview of the HI Lab with a schedule, self-assessment, and ways to make the most out of your experience; b) an article defining a T-Group; c) T-group guidelines; and d) conditions for lab learning.
GPX3 and selenium in Kashin-Beck disease
Published in Gary Bañuelos, Zhi-Qing Lin, Dongli Liang, Xue-bin Yin, Selenium Research for Environment and Human Health: Perspectives, Technologies and Advancements, 2019
B.R. Li, Q. Li, D.D. Zhang, X.N. Yang, R.Q. Zhang, D. Zhang, C. Wang, Z.F. Li, X.L. Yang, Y.M. Xiong*
The T-2 toxin damage model was conducted using T-2 toxin. This experiment included four groups: Control group (C group), supplement Se group (Se group), T-2 toxin group (T group), and Se +T-2 toxin group (Se +T group). The MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) colorimetric assay was used to detected chondrocyte activity.
Effects of foliar applications of Brassinolide and Selenium on the accumulation of Arsenic and Cadmium in rice grains and an assessment of their health risk
Published in International Journal of Phytoremediation, 2023
Xiuquan Lan, Jiayuan Li, Jiancheng Chen, Jing Liu, Feishu Cao, Changjun Liao, Zengyu Zhang, Minghua Gu, Yanyan Wei, Fangke Shen, Xianghua Wei, Xianbao Luo, Xiuling Zhang
Results on Pn, Gs, Ci, and Tr values are presented in Table 2. Pn of rice leaves was not significantly different after Se-F treatment and 20Br-F treatment compared with that of control plants. However, the Pn of rice leaves significantly increased after 5Br + Se-F treatment by 59.83% relative to the Pn value of the control plants. Pn values for all treatments were in the following order: 5Br + Se-F > 5Br + Se-T > 5Br-T > 5Br-F > 20Br-T > Se-T > 20Br + Se-F > 20Br + Se-T > Se-F > Control > 20Br-F. Foliar applications of Br and Se increased the Gs of rice leaves relative to that of the control. The maximum Gs value was observed in the 5Br-F group. The highest and the lowest Ci values in rice leaves were observed in the 5Br-F group and 20Br + Se-T group, respectively. Leaf spraying of Br and Se increased the Tr of rice relative to the Tr value of the control plants. Treatment of rice with 5Br-F increased the Tr by 64.47% compared with the Tr value of the control rice.
Neighbourhood permeability and burglary: a case study of a city in China
Published in Intelligent Buildings International, 2022
Zhong Wang, Jun Lu, Paolo Beccarelli, Chuan Yang
RCs with UNU villages were always located close downtown, accommodating high population density, which might lead to analysis bias. Consequently, distance to downtown and population density factors were then controlled respectively. Figure 7 shows the box plot for the BDQ distributed across T. and F. RCs when the distance to downtown was controlled. When considering medians, interquartile ranges, upper whisker values, and outliers, it could be found that T. RCs showed higher BDQ than F. RCs in first and fourth distance groups. The result was similar to the outcome when the distance was not controlled. However, the abnormal situation appeared in half of the RCs in the second mid-centre and the third distal-centre distance groups. When outliers were ignored, F. RCs in the second distance group had higher BDQ. In the third distance group, the median, the maximum, and the third quartile values for the F. group were higher than the T. group; the upper whisker values in the T. group were higher than the F. group; the count for outliners in the T. group was larger than the F. group.
Aerobic exercise training performed by parents reduces mice offspring adiposity
Published in Journal of Sports Sciences, 2018
Paulo Vitor da Silva Romero, Débora Alves Guariglia, Francielli Ferreira Da Rocha, Caroline de Carvalho Picoli, Gustavo Renan Gilio, Gabriel Sergio Fabricio, Paulo Cesar de Freitas Mathias, Solange Marta Franzói de Moraes, Sidney Barnabé Peres
The inguinal adipocyte diameter of T group (Table 2) was smaller (P < 0.05) compared to the other groups. Mesenteric adipocytes of TS group had significant larger (P < 0.05) adipocytes compared with the other groups. Finally, T group presented the lowest mean (P < 0.05) in all pads when compared to S group. A large and a very large effect size was observed female offspring of trained parents in relation to sedentary parents (Figure 5(b)). Moreover, in the female offspring, an expressive effect size of mesenteric diameter was observed in the ST group compared with the S group (Figure 6).