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High-speed rail power supply systems
Published in Andrzej Żurkowski, High-Speed Rail in Poland, 2018
In non-conventional high-speed rail systems, which implement a magnetic levitation (maglev) principle, the issue of high vehicle power intake was solved by using a linear induction motor, allowing for supply of a track (where the stator of an induction motor is set), instead of a vehicle, thus eliminating an overhead contact system. Japanese maglev set a new speed record on 21 April 2015, travelling at the speed of 603 km/h for 11 s, at the 1.8 km-long section.
Supersonic Combustion Ramjet Technology
Published in Debi Prasad Mishra, Advances in Combustion Technology, 2023
Today, manned hypersonic flights are only possible with rocket propulsion, such as those used in space missions. In these cases, the spacecraft carries its own reserve of liquid oxygen for combustion, which gives them autonomy outside the atmosphere, but increases weight and volume. These rocket engines have been tested in projects such as the X-15 by USAF, which in October 1967 set the speed record for a manned, powered aircraft at Mach 6.7, or 7,274 km/h. The main alternative to rockets are ramjets, and more specifically their supersonic combustion variant: the scramjet. The advantage of this engine is that it works with atmospheric oxygen, which is compressed in the engine intake due to the aircraft’s own flight speed. Projects such as the USA’s NASP; the Japanese aerospace plane; India’s Hyperplane; the Chinese aerospace plane; Zanger, Germany’s STS–2000; France’s Tu–2000, and Russia’s projects ended as the scramjet propulsion power plants which need further improvement. However, these programs have led to the development of very efficient high speed ramjets/scramjets integrated with experimental flying vehicles as research demonstrators to fly around a Mach number greater than 5. Till date, flight tests have been conducted in the USA for demonstration of scramjets in integration with experimental flying vehicles X-43A [1], the hypersonic flight demonstrator program (HyFly) [2] and X-51A [3]. Similar projects of integrated hypersonic demonstrators are being developed in Russia, China, France (LEA) [4], India (HSTDV) [5] and many other countries. But, the flight tests are yet to be successful to make either a weapon system or a commercial aircraft. The X-51 technology could be applied to the development of hypersonic missiles, currently underway in the USA. Although military applications today seem to be the most prominent and viable in the short term, new concepts for passenger transport may emerge from these developments. A ten seater aircraft may likely be developed by the year 2040. If these kinds of speeds are needed to fly either a commercial aircraft or a weapon system, the power plant—viz., scramjet engine technology—has to mature to the highest level of reliable operation for a long duration.
Optimal selection of the linear induction motor spacing for the medium-low speed maglev vehicle
Published in International Journal of Rail Transportation, 2021
Min Zhang, Yapeng Han, Weihua Ma, Shihui Luo
In order to test the credibility of the theoretical calculation, a circular test bench for a single motor is established. As shown in Figure 11(a,b), the primary winding fixed below is made in an arc, and the secondary is a circular reel with a diameter of 3 metres; aluminium plate is installed on the outermost layer of the reel. The parameters of the motor are as shown in Table 1. The traction of the motor is obtained by measuring the torque of the reel. Figure 11(c) shows the medium-low speed maglev test vehicle with three levitation frames which is developed by our research team and CRRC Dalian. The test speed of the vehicle reaches 121 km/h on the 1.7 km test line, which is the highest speed record of the medium-low speed maglev train; the distance between the motors in the test vehicle is 30 mm. The average output traction of each motor at different speeds is got by measuring the instantaneous acceleration and calculating the vehicle resistance.
Making art from self-tracking cycling data
Published in Digital Creativity, 2018
So the concept was viable. It was possible to visualise cycling data in an interesting and aesthetic way. However, this was only one stream of data, what about the others? How should speed and altitude be included for example? The solution came by linking each of these sources to the other colour channels in RGB mode: Red for heart rate, green for altitude and blue for speed. This followed the conventions already adopted in the graphing and data visualisation systems of both Strava and Cyclemeter, and perhaps belies a hidden logic in that red links to blood and green links to the environment and blue has historical cultural links to the idea of speed (e.g. The land speed record-breaking vehicles, Bluebird and Blue Flame). To achieve this mixing the data is drawn into Processing and code uses a mapping function to equate raw data to the 0–255 RGB colour range. The colour of each stripe is then dependent on the outcome values of each channel.
A method to assess haul roads rolling resistance using dispatch system data
Published in Mining Technology, 2021
Douglas Alegre, Rodrigo de Lemos Peroni, Eduardo da Rosa Aquino, Felipe Dille
The results show that retarder and transmission efficiencies could be estimated using the grade of the haul roads, where the specific speed record lies through regression curves. The Cooper’s equations and the regression curves were combined to create a final model to specifications of the mine and the 830E-AC truck.