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Classical Statistics and Modern Machine Learning
Published in Mark Chang, Artificial Intelligence for Drug Development, Precision Medicine, and Healthcare, 2020
Acquiescence bias refers to a respondent’s tendency to endorse the questions in a measure. For example, participants could be asked whether they endorse the statement “I prefer to spend time with others,” but then later on in the survey also endorses “I prefer to spend time alone,” which is a contradictory statement. To reduce such a bias, researchers can make balanced response sets in a given measure, meaning that there are a balanced number of positively- and negatively-worded questions. Other bias, so-called question order bias, can result from a different order of questions or order of multiple choice. “Social desirability bias” is a type of response bias that influences a participant to deny undesirable traits, and ascribe to themselves traits that are socially desirable.
Validation of a gamified measure of safety behavior: The SBT
Published in Stein Haugen, Anne Barros, Coen van Gulijk, Trond Kongsvik, Jan Erik Vinnem, Safety and Reliability – Safe Societies in a Changing World, 2018
C.B.D. Burt, L. Crowe, K. Thomas
In addition to ability and personality testing, organizations may attempt to predict safety behavior using questions about safety behavior or the individual’s past accident history in an application blank, or in an employment interview. While these measurement options have the potential to contribute to an organization’s understanding of how a job applicant might behave in the future, they have serious limitations. Under these ‘selfreporting’ conditions, it is very obvious what is being measured, which makes responses susceptible to social desirability biases. Social desirability bias refers to a phenomenon where participants over-report favorable opinions and behavior, while under-reporting those that are unfavorable, and is most common when the subject under investigation is considered to be sensitive by the respondent (Krumpal, 2013). Sensitive subjects are defined as those where there are potential costs or risks to the respondent for responding in a particular way, or to the collective population that the outcome of the question represents (Sieber & Stanely, 1988). Clearly, a focus on safety within a job application process would represent such a situation.
System Stability and Sustainability
Published in R. S. Bridger, Introduction to Human Factors and Ergonomics, 2017
Causes of common method variance include Social desirability bias—where respondents give responses that enhance their self-image or are “politically correct.” In health surveys, short males typically overreport their stature and overweight people under-report their body mass, leading to underestimation of the prevalence of overweight and obesity. A survey on the Island of Svalbard (Norway) found that self-reported alcohol consumption underestimated actual bar and liquor store sales by 40%!Acquiescence bias—agreeing with the presumed intentions of the survey designers and overreportingMood state—response patterns biased by moodStoicism—denial of any problems or difficultiesCommon scale formats for different variablesReponses sets and item grouping
Parental neglect and emotional wellbeing among adolescent students from India: social network addiction as a mediator and gender as a moderator
Published in Behaviour & Information Technology, 2023
Vijayabanu Chidambaram, Karthikeyan Shanmugam, Satyanarayana Parayitam
The findings from the present research need to be interpreted in light of some limitations. First, as with any survey research, common method bias is a potential problem. To minimise the common method bias, we followed the procedures Podsakoff et al. (2003) recommended and did Harman’s one-factor analysis. The single factor explained 24.63% variance, which is less than the ballpark figure of 50%, and hence common method bias was not a problem with the data. Second, social desirability bias is associated with the respondents’ tendency to answer the questions favourably (not dispassionate), which may distort the results. By maintaining the anonymity of the results and enforcing the respondents that information will be kept confidential, the social desirability bias can be minimised.
Analysis of Food and Housing Insecurity among University Students at a Public Hispanic-Serving Institution
Published in Journal of Hunger & Environmental Nutrition, 2023
Eva M. Moya, Amy Wagler, Jessica Ayala, Matt Crouse, Araceli Garcia, Gregory S. Schober
The research design has some key limitations. The survey was implemented at a single point in time, offering a snapshot of FI and HI among student respondents at one institution. The resulting cross-sectional nature of the data creates little leverage in estimating causal determinants of FI and HI. In addition, the survey was offered to the entire student population at the institution, which allowed students to self-select into the survey. The high response rate and null results from the homogeneity tests reduce concerns about the representativeness of the sample; however, it could still be the case that other (unobservable) factors influenced decisions about whether to participate in the survey. In addition, our measures were self-reported by respondents, which may contribute to social desirability bias.43 This limitation leads us to believe that HI and FI percentages are even higher among respondents, because students may be embarrassed to admit this outcome on a survey. The online and confidential response mode likely reduces the threat of social desirability bias, however it does not eliminate this threat.
Men’s and women’s implicit negativity towards obese fashion models
Published in Journal of Global Fashion Marketing, 2021
Social desirability bias refers to the fact that in self-reports, people will often report inaccurately on sensitive topics in order to present themselves in the best possible light (Rasmussen et al., 2018). This can be due to both self-deception and other-deception (Fisher, 1993). In the case of model size, social desirability bias would manifest itself by people expressing more positive attitudes towards obese models than they actually hold. As a result of the body positivity movement (Kwan & Fackler, 2008), which strives to normalize society’s view on heavier physiologies (Lee, 2012), it has become a commonly accepted social norm to avoid expressing negative opinions of fat people (Holman, 2008). However, studies (Anselmi et al., 2013; Teachman et al., 2003; Walter et al., 2013) show that even in cases where participants do not demonstrate an explicit bias against obesity, they often appear to have an implicit negative bias toward individuals with obesity. If this implicit negativity towards obese people carries over to consumers’ evaluations of models, we get the following hypothesis: H3: Participants overall have negative implicit associations towards obese models