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Macro Applications of Wastewater Analysis
Published in Jeremy Prichard, Wayne Hall, Paul Kirkbride, Jake O’Brien, Wastewater Analysis for Substance Abuse Monitoring and Policy Development, 2020
Jeremy Prichard, Wayne Hall, Paul Kirkbride, Jake O’Brien
Literature on ‘social desirability bias’ suggests that survey participants may (wittingly or unwittingly) report information that presents themselves in a positive light (e.g. Harrison and Hughes 1997). This phenomenon may operate even when participants are able to provide information anonymously on topics that are not particularly sensitive or embarrassing. With this background, it is not surprising that the results of surveys about drug use – which is a topic that can attract comparatively high social stigma – appear to differ according to the degree of anonymity they afford participants. It is also known that these procedures differ in their capacity to recruit samples of participants who are representative of the general population (see e.g. Decorte et al. 2009; Johnson 2015; Kilmer, Reuter and Giommoni 2015).
Classical Statistics and Modern Machine Learning
Published in Mark Chang, Artificial Intelligence for Drug Development, Precision Medicine, and Healthcare, 2020
Acquiescence bias refers to a respondent’s tendency to endorse the questions in a measure. For example, participants could be asked whether they endorse the statement “I prefer to spend time with others,” but then later on in the survey also endorses “I prefer to spend time alone,” which is a contradictory statement. To reduce such a bias, researchers can make balanced response sets in a given measure, meaning that there are a balanced number of positively- and negatively-worded questions. Other bias, so-called question order bias, can result from a different order of questions or order of multiple choice. “Social desirability bias” is a type of response bias that influences a participant to deny undesirable traits, and ascribe to themselves traits that are socially desirable.
Validation of a gamified measure of safety behavior: The SBT
Published in Stein Haugen, Anne Barros, Coen van Gulijk, Trond Kongsvik, Jan Erik Vinnem, Safety and Reliability – Safe Societies in a Changing World, 2018
C.B.D. Burt, L. Crowe, K. Thomas
In addition to ability and personality testing, organizations may attempt to predict safety behavior using questions about safety behavior or the individual’s past accident history in an application blank, or in an employment interview. While these measurement options have the potential to contribute to an organization’s understanding of how a job applicant might behave in the future, they have serious limitations. Under these ‘selfreporting’ conditions, it is very obvious what is being measured, which makes responses susceptible to social desirability biases. Social desirability bias refers to a phenomenon where participants over-report favorable opinions and behavior, while under-reporting those that are unfavorable, and is most common when the subject under investigation is considered to be sensitive by the respondent (Krumpal, 2013). Sensitive subjects are defined as those where there are potential costs or risks to the respondent for responding in a particular way, or to the collective population that the outcome of the question represents (Sieber & Stanely, 1988). Clearly, a focus on safety within a job application process would represent such a situation.
Truck drivers’ self-reported engagement in overloading: An application of the extended theory of planned behavior
Published in Journal of Transportation Safety & Security, 2023
Muladilijiang Baikejuli, Jing Shi
The current study contributed to the literature by exploring the ability of the TPB to explain truck drivers’ overloading behavior. The contributions notwithstanding, it also has several limitations that should be considered when interpreting the results. First, the current study aimed to examine the psycho-social determinants of overloading from a behavioral perspective, and thus did not consider the non-behavioral aspects of overloading phenomenon, such as freight rates, truck manufacturing companies and freight market management. Second, some intimidating or dangerous scenarios on different roads, which participants can respond when working within the TPB, may help further verify the possible effects of other factors on overloading behavior. Therefore, future efforts to examine truck overloading within the context of TPB should focus on designing scenario-based surveys. Third, as many questionnaire studies encountered, the self-reported nature of the survey data could be subject to a potential lack of accuracy due to the social desirability bias.
Supply chain pressures and SMEs’ CSR practices: the moderation effect of supply chain position
Published in International Journal of Logistics Research and Applications, 2023
Rébecca Stekelorum, Jean-Marie Courrent, Martine Spence
Although our results are novel, this study has limitations that could be addressed in future work. First, regarding our methodological choices, we operationalised the three institutional pressures by considering both customers and suppliers pressures. Therefore, the results may be different when considering suppliers and customers separately. Second, social desirability bias could have affected the answers collected in our study. Indeed, as Roxas and Lindsay (2012) explain, society considers CSR practices to be desirable. We believe that this bias is limited in our study because the questions in the survey address the diversity and importance of CSR practices implemented rather than attitudes toward responsibility. Therefore, it would be relevant to conduct qualitative studies to observe these practices. Third, because our data were collected in two countries, France and Canada, cultural factors may have affected our study. This impact seems limited because the tests on the latent scores for a firm’s country are not significant. Fourth, because we collected data at one point in time, future research should examine the evolution of supply chain pressures and CSR practices using longitudinal studies. Fifth, the concept of supply chain differs quite greatly from one to the other. This will particularly impact a respondent’s perception of supply chain position. This is why it would be interesting to test our model in a specific industry. Finally, future research may investigate the impact of competitor pressures on CSR practices in SMEs and these pressures on other types of firms, such as micro-enterprises.
Parental neglect and emotional wellbeing among adolescent students from India: social network addiction as a mediator and gender as a moderator
Published in Behaviour & Information Technology, 2023
Vijayabanu Chidambaram, Karthikeyan Shanmugam, Satyanarayana Parayitam
The findings from the present research need to be interpreted in light of some limitations. First, as with any survey research, common method bias is a potential problem. To minimise the common method bias, we followed the procedures Podsakoff et al. (2003) recommended and did Harman’s one-factor analysis. The single factor explained 24.63% variance, which is less than the ballpark figure of 50%, and hence common method bias was not a problem with the data. Second, social desirability bias is associated with the respondents’ tendency to answer the questions favourably (not dispassionate), which may distort the results. By maintaining the anonymity of the results and enforcing the respondents that information will be kept confidential, the social desirability bias can be minimised.