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Basics of the Software
Published in Leonid Burstein, ® Basics, 2022
The numeric result of a command execution is displayed on the screen in a certain format; by default, the four decimal digits are displayed, for example, 3.1416 (number π), last digit is rounded. This format is termed short. When the real decimal number is lesser than 0.001 or greater than 1000 (e.g. 1000.0001), the number is shown in the so-called scientific notations – shortE format. In this notations: a number between 1 and 10 multiplied by a power of 10. For example, the aria moment of inertia of the filled circle (I = πr4/4) with radius r = 0.5 m displayed as 4.9087e − 02 (m4) should be read as 4.9087·10−2;the Boltzmann constant displayed as 1.3806e−23 (in J·K−1) should be read as 1.3806·10−23,the modulus elasticity in tension (Young’s modulus) for Brass is displayed as 1.2500e−7 (in Pa) should be read as 1.25·10−7;
Power Measurement Fundamentals
Published in Dale R. Patrick, Stephen W. Fardo, Brian W. Fardo, Electrical Power Systems Technology, 2021
Dale R. Patrick, Stephen W. Fardo, Brian W. Fardo
Using scientific notation greatly simplifies arithmetic operations. Any number written as a multiple of a power of 10 and a number between 1 and 10 is said to be expressed in scientific notation. For example: 81,000,000=8.1×10,000,000,or8.1×107500,000,000=5×100,000,000,or5×1080.0000000004=4×0.0000000001,or4×10−10.
Direct Current (dc) Electronics
Published in Dale R. Patrick, Stephen W. Fardo, Electricity and Electronics Fundamentals, 2020
Dale R. Patrick, Stephen W. Fardo
Using scientific notation greatly simplifies arithmetic operations. Any number written as a multiple of a power of 10 and a number between 1 and 10 is said to be expressed in scientific notation. For example:
Electron Target Cooling Analyses of the KIPT ADS Using MCNP and Ansys Fluent
Published in Nuclear Technology, 2023
Case 1 estimates the impact of the turbulence model on the results. Case 2 changes the thermal boundary condition of the outer aluminum structure of the target from adiabatic to constant room temperature. Cases 3 and 4 assume different fault conditions in the electron accelerator equipment. Case 3 examines an increase in the beam power by 10%. The electron beam moves along the x- and z-axes to generate a uniform spatial power distribution over the surface of the tungsten disks on the x-z plane, orthogonal to the electron beam direction. The electron beam moves between −3.3 and 3.3 cm in each direction, which are the boundaries of the tungsten square disks on the x- and z-axes. In case 4, this uniform distribution is shifted 1 cm in the z-axis assuming a malfunction in the electron beam control system. If the electron beam fails to move correctly either along the x- or z-direction, the accelerator automatically shuts down and the beam power drops to zero.
Evaluation of the glioblastoma multiforme treatment with hyperthermia using the finite element method
Published in Numerical Heat Transfer, Part A: Applications, 2023
Ayşe Sağıroğlu, İlke Karagöz, Öznur Özge Özcan, Türker Tekin Ergüzel, Mesut Karahan, Nevzat Tarhan
Figure 5 shows the data generated as a result of simulation 4. In the application, the power is 10 W, the frequency is 0.915 GHz, the application time is 10 minutes. The model conductor length is 70 mm, the width of the applied brain tissue is 30 mm. In Figure 5A, the distribution of the total power density was given with 0.915 GHz. There was no irregularity in the color distribution reflecting the power distribution. In Figure 5D, the simulation result of the SAR value formed in the brain tissue with the frequency change was determined as approximately 550 (W/kg), along a line parallel to the antenna and at a distance of 2.5 mm. In Figure 5B, the maximum temperature values of 48 °C are observed in the surface distribution with the frequency change. In Figure 5C, the damaged areas after hyperthermia application were approximately 10 mm in total.
Effect of Fe addition on the microstructure, transformation behaviour and superelasticity of NiTi alloys fabricated by laser powder bed fusion
Published in Virtual and Physical Prototyping, 2023
Rui Xi, Hao Jiang, Guichuan Li, Zhihui Zhang, Guoqun Zhao, Kim Vanmeensel, Sergey Kustov, Jan Van Humbeeck, Xiebin Wang
Figure 10(c–d) show that the NiTiFe0.3 alloy also undergoes one stage A→M, despite of the large variation of L-PBF process parameters. Similar to the binary NiTi alloy, the MTTs of NiTiFe0.3 alloy decreases with the increase of scanning speed (Figure 10(c)), and increase with the increase of laser power (Figure 10(d)). Broad transformation peaks are observed in the samples fabricated under low energy density, for example, the sample fabricated under v = 1200 mm s−1 (Figure 10(c)), and the sample fabricated with P = 80 W (Figure 10(d)). This is mainly due to the microstructural inhomogeneity at micron scale (Figure 5), which is enhanced under low laser energy density. Figure 11 indicates that the MTTs of the NiTiFe0.3 alloy is lower than that of the binary NiTi alloy, when fabricated under the same L-PBF conditions. This is due to the fact that the dissolution of Fe into NiTi matrix causes lattice distortion, which suppresses the B19’ transformation (Krishnan et al. 2008).