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Signs of Pressure Sores
Published in J G Webster, Prevention of Pressure Sores, 2019
Goller et al (1971) conducted a series of experiments using thermography on able-bodied subjects using a deadweight loading mechanism. They applied fixed pressure to the skin via Teflon applicators and acquired thermographs of the area at several times starting immediately after pressure removal. The results of their experiments suggested that there is a possibility of a correlation between the pressure applied to the skin and the temperature response of the skin immediately after removal of the pressure. Verhonick et al (1972) carried out a similar experiment but with typical body loading of the skin matching situations of bed rest. They observed a local increase in skin temperature after pressure removal reaching a maximum in approximately 3 min and then cooling back to normal. They also reported that the longer the pressure was applied, the longer was the time required by the skin to return to normal temperature. They suggested the utilization of this observation in determining a patient’s susceptibility to pressure sore development by applying a specific pressure to the skin for a period of time and then noting the response time required by the skin to return to a normal temperature distribution. Trandel (1975) used a patient lift bed that allowed observation of the tissue subjected to body load in order to correlate visual and thermal responses. Their results showed that the thermal flare persists longer than the visible flare and attributed that to continued local elevated metabolic rate caused by the previous engorgement of blood. They reported a maximal increase in temperature during reactive hyperemia of 12°F. Pye and Bowker (1976) reported similar results.
BIM and BPS
Published in Jan L.M. Hensen, Roberto Lamberts, Building Performance Simulation for Design and Operation, 2019
Timothy Hemsath, Matthew Goldsberry, Joel Yow
As outlined in the previous section, expediting cost estimates during the conceptual design phases requires dedicating significant resources to the digital representation of elements often reserved for later phase BIM, e.g. explicitly modelling lifts in a patient room compared to a yes/no toggle for a patient lift in lieu of modelling. From the data perspective, both approaches yield the same level of detail and result in the same level of accuracy for the cost estimate.
Advanced patient transfer assist device with intuitive interaction control
Published in Assistive Technology, 2023
Heather C Humphreys, Young Mi Choi, Wayne J. Book
For this project, the goal was to develop a new PTAD that is able to perform all typical transfers in a home or clinical environment, work within space constraints of a typical home or clinical environment, and have adequate lift capacity (at least 500 lb). It also had to be compact and feature a simple, intuitive control strategy with smooth, stable motion that can allow a single caregiver to simultaneously maneuver both the device and the patient. A focus group consisting of spinal cord injury patients, as well as their home caregivers and physical therapists, was convened to explore requirements for the new device. The focus group consisted of 10 participants, including four spinal cord injury patients, three home caregivers, and three physical therapists. Individual interviews were less structured, but all included discussion of their experiences with current market patient lifts, limitations of those devices, and desirable features for new lifts. Individual interviews included home caregivers for a bariatric paraplegic patient, a hospital nurse, clinicians in a spinal cord injury rehabilitation center, clinicians in a nursing home, sales personnel for a patient lift distributor, and an experienced engineer in the patient lift industry. The operator testing of the current market patient lift was also performed early in the development phase. Information from the focus group, individual interviews, and operator testing was combined to include a broad range of lift users and other stakeholders for the compilation of device requirements. Many of the requirements were also found in existing literature, reinforcing their importance.