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Retaining walls
Published in Gopal Madabhushi, Centrifuge Modelling for Civil Engineers, 2015
When we need to create underground space for new foundations, for example, a set of retaining walls are driven in and props are placed between them for support. Such walls are commonly used where the depth of penetration of the wall into the soil is limited or the wall encounters soft soils at depth. The props are normally deployed at different levels while excavation progresses between the two walls. This process of gradual excavation and placement of multistage props is considered in Chapter 13 as explained before. In this section let us consider centrifuge modelling of a set of retaining walls that are propped just at the top of the wall as shown in Figure 11.12. The walls are 6 mm thick and 200 mm high. They are embedded into sand to a depth of 60 mm. The single prop is at the top of the walls. A load cell is placed within the prop to measure the prop force. The centrifuge test was conducted at 40 g.
Reinforcement of Foundations on Natural Base
Published in P.A. Konovalov, Bases and Foundations of Buildings under Reconstruction, 2020
Establishing the bottom level of the new foundations to be laid in relation to the extant ones happens to be the most important feature in the design of new supports. Designers often try to achieve this by keeping the angle of elevation of the foundation bottom below 30°. If a/b ≤ 1/2, the new foundation may be laid at the design position (Fig. 52). If a/b > 1/2, the depth of the new foundation is additionally increased by Δh ≥ a − (b/ 2) or sheet piles of non-corrosive planks are driven to the level of the footing of the extant foundation.
The Dome of the Cuban National Capitol
Published in International Journal of Architectural Heritage, 2022
María Mestre Martí, Pedro M. Jiménez Vicario, Manuel A. Ródenas-López, Víctor Martínez Pacheco
This new foundation actually consisted of four new foundations: Three of them were rectangular footings, 26 × 40 feet (8 m × 12 m) in an inverted “T” shape, with reinforcements at the base and in the core, with a volume of 250 m3 of concrete (It took three concrete mixers to avoid interrupting the process and almost eight hours of continuous concreting). Around these foundations, reinforced concrete retaining walls were built to lighten the bases, eliminating the weight of the filling that would otherwise gravitate on them.