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Authorship vs. Withdrawal: OOO and Architecture
Published in Simone Ferracina, Ecologies of Inception, 2022
Now, the last such scenario reconsiders the relationship between parts and wholes, prompted by OOO’s refusal to privilege the latter over the former. Levi Bryant defines this “strange mereology” as the “relation between objects where one object is simultaneously a part of another object and an independent object in its own right.”93 What makes this mereology strange, explains Bryant, is that “the subsets of a set, the smaller objects composing larger objects, are simultaneously necessary conditions for that larger object while being independent of that object. Likewise, the larger object composed of these smaller objects is itself independent of these smaller objects.”94 Whereas ecologies of inception—and, with them, the architectural project—curate a seamless integration of parts, subordinating their value to the integrity of a whole, a strange mereology foregrounds parts as objects in their own right, and as deserving of independent value. And if the history of architecture is not devoid of such examples—one might think of the many instances of spolia surviving a building or monument95—its more recent (author-oriented) past is characterized by a marked preference for the cohesion and integration afforded by project functions.
A computer leaning approach to obtain safety information from multi-lingual accident reports
Published in Stein Haugen, Anne Barros, Coen van Gulijk, Trond Kongsvik, Jan Erik Vinnem, Safety and Reliability – Safe Societies in a Changing World, 2018
P. Hughes, M. Figueres-Esteban, R.A.H. El Rashidy, C. van Gulijk, R. Slovak
Popping (2000) classifies natural language processing (NLP) techniques in three categories, which are in order of sophistication: thematic, semantic, and network. Thematic analysis considers the relative occurrence of words within the source text and can be used as a broad categorisation method to identify texts (such as accident records) that contain similar words and therefore may relate to the same broad themes. Semantic analysis expands the thematic approach by consider the function of words within a sentence (their part of speech, such as whether a word is a noun, a verb, or an adjective) to identify subject-verb-object triples. These triples provide the underpinning for complex formal ontology systems that develop from a mereology of objects or actions (Bateman et al. 2010; Bierwisch & Schreuder 1992; Miller & Fellbaum 1991; Ritter & Kohonen 1989).
Foundations in Systems Integration
Published in Gary O. Langford, Engineering Systems Integration, 2016
Rather than thinking of integration in a lifecycle sense or in a process sense (as is typical through the use of systems engineering process models), this presentation focuses on the progression and results of interaction and integration for a set of processes and objects (the mereology of integration). Thinking in systems engineering terms for integration means addressing and answering three questions: Is the concept solution effective in solving the impetus problem such that the needs of the stakeholders are satisfied? Is the design and architecture effective in enabling the appropriate functions with their requisite performances and quality to implement the proto-solutions? Is the system of objects and EMMI realized in such a manner as to verify the effectiveness of the concept through testing? Figure 3.3 depicts a view of a systems engineering for integration.
Toward an information theoretic ontology of risk, resilience and sustainability and a blueprint for education - part II
Published in Sustainable and Resilient Infrastructure, 2022
Linda Nielsen, Michael Havbro Faber
One further example needs to be made with regard to the choice of hierarchical structure. When an ontology is structured as an aggregate of individual forms (things, objects), the designed system is atomistic. The individuals are so-to-speak chiseled out of the undifferentiated matter (content). Such structures tend to be visualized as horizontally or vertically branching trees. When a taxonomy or ontology is structured as an aggregate of functions, the designed system is mereological and individual instances (spatio-temporal events) are subsumed by a nested set of containers. Such structures tend to be visualized as regions of bounded space. The difference between taxonomic and mereological classification is not straightforward due to a common cognitive tendency to confuse kinds and parts. Mereology (in philosophy and mathematics) is the study of parts and wholes. Figure 3 provides an explanatory illustration.