China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Dimensional Analysis and Scale-Up
Published in Ron Darby, Raj P. Chhabra, Chemical Engineering Fluid Mechanics, 2016
Note that there are two different English scientific systems, one in which M, L, and t are fundamental and F is derived, and another in which F, L, and t are fundamental and M is derived. In the system in which mass is fundamental, the unit for mass is the slug, and for the system in which force is fundamental, the force unit is the poundal. However, these systems are archaic and rarely used in practice. Also, the metric engineering systems with units of kgf and gf have generally been replaced by the SI system, although they are still in use in some places. The most common systems in general use are the scientific metric (e.g., SI) and the English engineering (or American) systems.
Application of Strut-and-Tie Model for seismic design of confined masonry shear walls
Published in Claudio Modena, F. da Porto, M.R. Valluzzi, Brick and Block Masonry, 2016
STMs for seismic loading and the corresponding internal forces are presented in Figure 7. The loading was determined in a previous research study by the second author based on the Mexican seismic code (NTC-S 2004). Note that the forces are given in kgf (1 kgf = 9.81 N). It can be seen that two different models are required to account for alternate directions of seismic load. The designated tie members in one model may act as struts in the other model (when the seismic load changes direction). It can be observed that some tie-columns and tie-beams remain unloaded (have zero forces) for a particular loading condition.
Open challenges: Probability of overlap
Published in Quality Engineering, 2020
Consider a situation where we measure the strength of two different components that go into a finished product. In order for the product to work well, it is crucial that the strength of component A, not be greater than the strength of component B with a certain safety margin. The strength of both components is obtained using tensile testing and thus are measured in the same units (kgf).