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Wave Packet and de Broglie's Wave-particle Duality
Published in Caio Lima Firme, Quantum Mechanics, 2022
The rest mass (invariant mass or intrinsic mass), m0, is the total mass of a body that is independent of the overall motion of the system and it is a characteristic of the system’s total energy and momentum that is the same in the rest frame (S). The rest mass is the Newtonian mass as measured by an observer moving along with the object. For the other reference frames where the system’s momentum is nonzero, the total mass (i.e., the relativistic mass, mrel) is greater than the rest mass: mrel=m01−(vc)2
Relativistic Quantum Mechanics and Quantum Field Theory
Published in Xavier Oriols, Jordi Mompart, Applied Bohmian Mechanics, 2019
In relativity, it is customary to define the invariant mass M through the identity PμPμ ≡ M2. This shows that the mass depends on X as () M2(X)=2mU(X).
Non-local memory-dependent heat conduction in a magneto-thermoelastic problem
Published in Waves in Random and Complex Media, 2022
The concept of thermomass comes from Einstein's theory of special relativity, indicating that the thermal energy (heat) can be referred to as its equivalent mass [29, 30]. It is widely accepted by the scientific community that the rest mass (or invariant mass) of any system composed of a number of freely moving particles which is greater than the sum of the rest of the masses of the individual particles. The thermal energy including both kinetic and potential energy of the particles, however, as long as the system could be taken as a whole, the rest amount of mass is greater than the sum of the masses of the atoms contained in this system, by the amount of thermal energy divided by the square of speed of light in vacuum. The term ‘equivalent’, more precisely, can be referred as the rest mass of the system contributed by thermal energy and is invariant in every inertial frame.