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Engineering the Morality of Cognitive Systems and the Morality of Cognitive Systems Engineering
Published in Philip J. Smith, Robert R. Hoffman, Cognitive Systems Engineering, 2018
Blame, the moral pronouncement and disapprobation of the powerful collective on the behavior of the poor or poor individual or indeed any other less powerful collective, remains an intrinsic result of this divide. Here, error (sin, and its correlate—evil) becomes an inherent property or characteristic of that identified individual or minority. The excision of that one deviant operator or small group of operators quickly follows and thus the standard narrative is sustained. This notion echoes the disease model of harm in getting rid of the defect or one individual source. One great contribution of CSE has always been to look to expose this myth and to seek an alternative perspective from which to frame our future progress away from this relative myopia. However, technical application and moral thinking have not really evolved commensurately (but see Scheutz and Malle 2014). Blame remains the status quo, even to a degree in CSE where “blame” raises another of its hydra-like heads in the identification that nominally illuminating methods such as task analyses are often insufficiently complete due to time and money constraints. Indeed, they often are insufficient, but cognitive task analysis is not the intrinsic path toward affirming the validity of the blame game.
Visual Quality Control
Published in Michel Greif, Bruce Hamilton, The Visual Factory, 2017
Paul Everett is the project manager. Speaking to a group of operators and supervisors assembled for training in Value Adding Management, he said: Simpson employs people of many diverse talents — managers, administrators, engineers, maintenance experts and other technical personnel that have skills usually acquired through formal education. They have theoretical knowledge about wood, machinery, accounting, computers, and so on, as well as practical experience.What encourages me is that now we have, in value- adding management, the means to more fully utilize your practical knowledge gathered over the years while physically making our products. This great advantage — using all the talents of all of us — is the decisive action needed to secure our future at Simpson.You are the only people who can directly observe what may be happening in a given situation. If a machine malfunctions, or a piece of lumber doesn’t meet the specified tolerances, or there’s a defect in some boards, who else is there when these events occur? Who else can perform real-time observation of these events? Who else can reach conclusions when events have just been observed in their natural environment and when they still reveal every element of their context?This is what gives you a special role in the plant. You’re the only people who encounter real events. If you want to learn a new way to see them, a new way to record them, and a new way to interpret them, we can convert them into progress together.
Tool or hassle?- Production workers evaluation of the potential of digital assistance systems on the shopfloor in shipbuilding projects
Published in Cogent Engineering, 2023
Marte Giskeødegård, Kristina Kjersem, Niklas Jahn, Robert Rost
The articulated research question in this article is as follows: How do production workers in shipbuilding projects evaluate the potential of digital tools to reduce coordination challenges and improve communication in the production process? The aim is to foster knowledge on their evaluation of communication, coordination and digital solutions that might guide future user-oriented design of such solutions. To be able to explore this question among production workers, several methodological strategies are possible. The coordinatively complex context of shipbuilding and the identified research question raise some requirements that the chosen research method needs to be able to meet. The method must be applicable at multiple points in time to cover different situations. Further, the method needs to address/incorporate all partners in the production process. This means the question must be relevant for suppliers as well as permanent staff, across disciplines and must be understood by a culturally and linguistically complex group of respondents. In this case, a quantitative survey among production workers was chosen. The survey targeted production workers within all disciplines, including subcontractors present at the yard. At the production level, there are three hierarchical positions—foremen, bas, and operators. The bas works as a middle-level supervisor between a group of operators and the foremen. In this article, “production worker” is used as a term to capture all three levels. While addressing any of the groups in this article, these three hierarchical levels are used to distinguish between them.
Mobility operator service capacity sharing contract design to risk-pool against network disruptions
Published in Transportmetrica A: Transport Science, 2023
Theodoros P. Pantelidis, Joseph Y. J. Chow, Oded Cats
A group of operators own and operate service links (not infrastructure links) , , in a network that serve passengers corresponding to a set of origin-destination (OD) pairs . Operator fleets are represented as link service capacities in the network and are assumed to be continuously transferable, e.g. service lines with vehicle frequencies that may be reassigned to serve another line, with pre-disruption capacities denoted as for each link . Service capacities need to be interchangeable between operators (otherwise they would not be considering a service capacity sharing contract). For example, in general a train and a bus operator would not enter such an agreement because the trains cannot be shared with the bus operator if one of the latter’s route was disrupted even if the reverse can be done via bus bridging (Kepaptsoglou and Karlaftis 2009). Primary users of this framework would be different road-bound public transport systems (Banister and Mackett 1990), including both fixed route and semi-flexible transit operators (Yoon, Chow, and Rath 2022).
Prediction of operators cognitive degradation and impairment using hybrid fuzzy modelling
Published in Theoretical Issues in Ergonomics Science, 2023
Nikolay Alekseevich Korenevskiy, Riad Taha Al-kasasbeh, Fawaz Shawawreh, Tareq Ahram, Sofya Nikolaevna Rodionova, Mahdi Salman Alshamasin, Sergey Aleexevich Filist, Manafaddin Namazov, Ashraf Adel Shaqadan, Maksim Ilyash
Al-Kasasbeh (2012) and Al-Kasasbeh et al. (2014) proposed the use of the variable electrical resistance of acupuncture points to estimate the cognitive state and level of psycho-emotional tension. In Al-Kasasbeh et al. (2010), it is shown how to determine confidence estimates of a group of operators’ activity in man–machine systems. In Al-Kasasbeh (1994, 1995), a mathematical algorithm for the homeostatic model of the information system for a small group of operators based on fuzzy set investigation was presented. However, the methods discussed will be applied in a future paper to estimates of a group’s psychological traits, such as average estimates of the professional competence of groups, static components of the intelligence vector for tested candidates, components of the average estimate of the level of trust vector for tested candidates, and dynamic variation in operators’ strategic reasoning (Al-Kasasbeh 2011). In Al-Kasasbeh et al. (2012a, 2012b), it is shown how to estimate psychological traits, such as average estimates of professional competence, static components of the intelligence vector for tested candidates, components of the trainability vector for tested candidates, average intelligence estimates for tested candidates, average estimates for the basis of groups, and average different-mindedness estimates of groups.