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Project and Enterprise Metrics
Published in Gary L. Richardson, Brad M. Jackson, Project Management Theory and Practice, 2018
Gary L. Richardson, Brad M. Jackson
Metrics should be reported in such a way as to help the receiver comprehend his project status at the appropriate level of detail. If these data are to be used internal to the project team, a low level of detail might be required; however, giving the same data to a senior manager would not be appropriate. Therefore, a fundamental design issue is level of granularity. For instance, should the detail shown be the first level of a WBS, or something deeper into the structure?
Systems Integration Management
Published in Gary O. Langford, Engineering Systems Integration, 2016
The degree to which an object is composed of discrete objects each separably enabled by mechanisms relates the minimal logic that can be partitioned. The sense that it makes to associate one object with another is justifiable by the resultant dependencies of the aggregate of discrete groupings; the summative impacts on the other objects; and the logicalness of the completed partitioning. The reason for one grouping of objects versus another is more than a matter of convenience. Various logics apply, including compliance issues (e.g., standards, policies, and requirements); preferences based on logistics or support; socioeconomic rationale that makes sense on a normalized or weighted basis; or other justification that is rational and defensible based on the rationale. Granularity is the parsing of objects (e.g., requirements) on the same level of abstraction to differentiate one (in this case) requirement from another. For the top-level process that describes “to manage,” each of the portioned subprocesses is determined to have an approximately equal amount of influence on an organization, that is, having equivalence with regard to the totality of what is covered. There are also similarities in the relations, each relation being associated with a common mechanism at the top level of abstraction to a common set of procedures. In other words, the reasoning and rationale applied to partitioning objects (that are enacted to form each of the subprocesses) should accommodate the needs of the stakeholders, the limitations set by the boundaries, the constraints established and imposed by the architecture, and the anticipated changes deemed most likely as the product or service is used in an operational environment. Granularity is said to be flexible (Kaindl and Dvetinovic 2008) and if that flexibility is removed too early in the development process, integration is made more difficult. By not removing essential flexibility through iterative design and development, integration is made easier. The ease of integration is managed by sensitivity and attention to this issue from the systems engineers, the engineers, as well as the project management. A portrayal of granularity is shown in Figure 6.2.
SDN-enabled hybrid emergency message transmission architecture in internet-of-vehicles
Published in Enterprise Information Systems, 2018
Wanting Zhu, Deyun Gao, Weicheng Zhao, Hongke Zhang, Hua-Pei Chiang
denotes the number of sub-segments of the divided segment . denotes the length of segment . denotes the communication range of RSUs. denotes the length of each sub-segment. For the same segment, its sub-segments are of uniform length. We can see that the length of each sub-segment does not exceed the communication range of the RSU. This ensures that there is at least one complete sub-segment within the coverage of each RSU. Smaller granularity will produce more sub-segments and then bring more computations.
Multiscale nature of student and teacher perceptions of difficulty in a mechanical engineering lecture
Published in European Journal of Engineering Education, 2022
Pankaj Chavan, Ritayan Mitra, Janani Srree Murallidharan
Nigay and Coutaz (1993) defines modality as the type of communication channel used to convey or acquire information from which some meaning can be extracted. In this context, communication can be between humans or between a computer system and a user. We operationalise modality along similar lines, in terms of the type of data, e.g. survey, interview, and open-ended questions. Granularity refers to the level of detail available in that data. For example, survey is a modality, whereas the granularity of information contained in the survey could be defined by the number and type of questions in the survey (such as Likert-type, rank order, yes/no, open-ended, and categorisation). Similarly, interviews can be at different levels of granularity. Interview questions can have coarse granularity (e.g. a structured interview) or can achieve fine granularity through probing further or asking follow-up questions that generates deeper insights (e.g. a semi-structured interview). Together, these two (i.e. modality and granularity) would constitute the scale of analysis. The relationship between modality and granularity is interdependent and non-trivial. For example, modalities such as surveys, questionnaires, test scores, and classroom observation protocols have similar temporal (how frequently something is observed) but dissimilar process (how germane those observatons are) granularity compared to interview data; interviews cannot be conducted in real-time at a high frequency, but interview questions can probe much deeper or be more germane to the learning process inquiry than the aforementioned modalities.
Information quality focused value stream mapping for the coordination and control of production processes
Published in International Journal of Production Research, 2021
Granularity is defined as the degree of resolution in which the considered information is available. The granularity influences the efficiency of control methods decisively, as it defines the representation of the real-life phenomenon. An example for granularity is the availability of raw materials in a buffer stock: the amount of materials can be given as a number of pieces or in another measurement unit, like weight or volume that might be easier to measure but less suitable for certain control methods.