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Additive codes and network codes
Published in Jürgen Bierbrauer, Introduction to Coding Theory, 2016
18.14 Definition. Let the group G act on a vector space V = V (n, K). Anirreducible submoduleA ⊂ V is a nonzero G submodule which does not contain a proper G submodule (different from 0 and from A itself). The action of G iscompletely reducibleif, for every G submodule A ⊂ V, there is a direct complement B of A which is a G module.
Simulation numérique de génération de laves torrentielles (Arbonne, France)
Published in Jan Rybář, Josef Stemberk, Peter Wagner, Landslides, 2018
Un comportement élastique linéaire peut être introduit par l’intermédiaire des paramètres K (module de compressibilité) et G (module de cisaillement). Dans le cas d’un comportement élasto-plastique, une fonction de charge f = 0 définit le critère de plasticité (critère de Mohr Coulomb). Une fonction potentiel plastique Q = 0 définit la loi d’écoulement plastique.
Integrated tool for maintenance and refurbishment planning of hydropower plants
Published in Bjørn Honningsvåg, Grethe Holm Midttømme, Kjell Repp, Kjetil Arne Vaskinn, Trond Westeren, Hydropower in the New Millennium, 2020
B. Mo, E. Solvang, J. Heggset, D.E. Nordgård, A. Haugstad
The G module is used to evaluate and document the trade off between the qualitative values associated with a project. The outputs from this model are relative weights for each qualitative value, i.e. Health, Environment and Safety or other. The properties of this module are described in more detail in section 6.
Investigation of the effect of a dilatant material on ballistic strength of aramid fabric used as body armour suit
Published in The Journal of The Textile Institute, 2022
Hilal Kemal Şenyilmaz, İbrahim Uslan, Teyfik Demir
According to rheological measurements; As reflected on Figure 6, it is known that the PBDMS polymer exhibits elastic solid properties at the region G’> G”. So that it behaves like elastic solid-like material under ballistic impact at (104-105 1/s) target deformation rates which are calculated according to the projectile speed (Lee et al., 2003). In the region where G’<G”, PBDMS exhibits viscous liquid-like properties. In this region, the polymer undergoes irreversible deformation. As Tan(δ) approaches to zero, the polymer is called ideal elastic, and when it goes to infinity it is called ideal viscouse. As can be seen from Figure 6, Tan(δ) decreases with increasing frequency, and PBDMS shifts from viscous liquid-like to elastic solid-like material (Mezger, 2006).In addition to the frequency dependence of PBDMS, it is seen that the G’ module decreases with increasing temperature. According to the obtained data, the elastic-viscouse zone boundary is realized at higher temperatures at high frequencies and at lower temperatures at low frequencies. As can be seen from the graph, the intersection point is near approximately 0 °C under 0.1 Hz, but it is at the 1 Hz under +50 °C and 10 Hz under +90 °C. It is understood from Figure 7 that, PBDMS polymer sample shows elastic behaviours below -30 °C and over +60 °C under higher frequency such as bullet impact. PBDMS shows elastic behaviours between -30 °C and nearly 0 °C at 0,1 Hz; between -30 °C and +50 °C at 1 Hz and between -30 °C and around +90 °C at 10 Hz.
Research on YOLOv7-based defect detection method for automotive running lights
Published in Systems Science & Control Engineering, 2023
Jincheng Chen, Shoujun Bai, Guoyang Wan, Yunfei Li
The ELAN-G module is proposed in this paper. In the Backbone part, the ELAN-G modules are used to replace the three ELAN-1 modules that output directly to the Neck part. And we keep the first ELAN-1 module to retain the feature extraction effect of ordinary convolution on images. As shown in Figure 8, the GAM and Ghost convolution are used in the ELAN-G module. Among them, the GAM is more capable of feature extraction and also has more parameters. Most automotive running lights light up sequentially in the same direction. For more running lights with different lighting directions, the global attention mechanism can take into account the defective characteristics of running lights at different locations and retain more valuable parameters. As with the ELAN-1 module, a convolution operation is required at the end of the ELAN-G module to adjust the dimension. However, the ELAN-G module includes more convolution operations, which generate a large amount of duplicate feature information when fully extracting defective features. Unlike the ELAN-1 module, Ghost convolution is used to replace the CBS module in the ELAN-G module. Ghost convolution is placed at the end of the ELAN-G module. Initial feature extraction is first performed by ordinary convolution with dimensional control and then continues to generate more feature maps by a series of simple linear operations. It can effectively eliminate redundant defective features and avoid adding unnecessary parameters due to too much similar feature information. For the structure of ELAN-G, we adopted the design of parallel structure. Compared with the original ELAN-1 module structure, the design of parallel structure can make the 4 branches of the cat module not affect each other. It can get the features after ordinary convolution and the features extracted by the global attention mechanism respectively, and also retain the original input features.
Conversion of two dimensional images into multi-view images of bone using deep learning
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering: Imaging & Visualization, 2021
Nitesh Pradhan, Vaibhav Singh, Virat Kumar, Parth Goel, Vijaypal Singh Dhaka
With experiments, authors observed that L1 loss varies with changes in epochs for G module at angle 90°, 180° and 270°. Figure 3(a) demonstrates the flow of L1 loss. It sharply decreased from 0 to 18 epochs. It slightly increases at 18th epoch and then continues to decrease after that.