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Energy Methods and Stability
Published in Ansel C. Ugural, Mechanical Engineering Design, 2022
A plate is an initially flat structural member with smaller thickness compared with the remaining dimensions. It is usual to divide the plate thickness t into equal halves by a plane parallel to the faces. This plane is called the midsurface of the plate. The plate thickness is measured in a direction normal to the midsurface at each point under consideration. Plates of technical importance are usually defined as thin when the ratio of the thickness to the smaller span length is less than 1/20. The basic assumptions of the small deflection theory of bending for isotropic, homogenous, thin plates are analogous to those associated with the simple bending theory of beams (Section 3.7). Here, we discuss briefly the buckling of thin rectangular plates. For a detailed treatment of the subject, see [5].
Energy Methods and Stability
Published in Ansel C. Ugural, Youngjin Chung, Errol A. Ugural, Mechanical Engineering Design, 2020
Ansel C. Ugural, Youngjin Chung, Errol A. Ugural
A plate is an initially flat structural member with smaller thickness compared with the remaining dimensions. It is usual to divide the plate thickness t into equal halves by a plane parallel to the faces. This plane is called the midsurface of the plate. The plate thickness is measured in a direction normal to the midsurface at each point under consideration. Plates of technical importance are usually defined as thin when the ratio of the thickness to the smaller span length is less than 1/20. The basic assumptions of the small deflection theory of bending for isotropic, homogenous, thin plates are analogous to those associated with the simple bending theory of beams (Section 3.7). Here, we discuss briefly the buckling of thin rectangular plates. For a detailed treatment of the subject, see [5].
Deflection and Impact
Published in Ansel C. Ugural, Youngjin Chung, Errol A. Ugural, MECHANICAL DESIGN of Machine Components, 2018
Ansel C. Ugural, Youngjin Chung, Errol A. Ugural
A plate is an initially flat structural member with smaller thickness compared with remaining dimensions. It is usual to divide the plate thickness t into equal halves by a plane parallel to the faces. This plane is called the midsurface of the plate. The plate thickness is measured in a direction normal to the midsurface at each point under consideration. Plates of technical importance are usually defined as thin when the ratio of the thickness to the smaller span length is less than 1/20. Here, we discuss briefly the bending of thin plates. For a detailed treatment of the subject, see [9].
Treatment of Simulated Radioactive Wastewater Using Reverse Osmosis and Membrane Distillation
Published in Nuclear Technology, 2022
Caishan Jiao, Hao Wang, Yaorui Li, Meng Zhang, Yang Gao, Mingjian He
All the chemicals, including Ce(NO3)3·6H2O, UO2(NO3)2·6H2O, Co(NO3)2·6H2O, NaOH, and HNO3, used in this experiment were analytical grade. All the solutions were prepared with deionized water. The pH was adjusted by NaOH and HNO3 solutions. The rolled aromatic polyamide composite membrane module used in the RO process was provided by the General Electric Company (United States). The characteristics of the rolled aromatic polyamide composite membrane module are given in Table I. The flat polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) membrane module used in the MD process was provided by Fei Ling Biological Technology Co. Ltd. (China). The characteristics of the flat PTFE membrane module are given in Table II.
An Experimental Study on the Distribution and Migration of Lubricating Oil in Rolling Bearings at Low Speeds
Published in Tribology Transactions, 2022
He Liang, Yu Zhang, Wenzhong Wang, Shengguang Zhang
If the distribution in a bearing could be investigated directly, it would provide more information for the inlet oil supply conditions and, thus, the lubrication condition in the contact. For this purpose, a rolling bearing model test rig was designed and built with the working state of the actual bearing more accurately simulated in this article. The outer ring was replaced by a glass flat ring so that the optical method could be used. Previous work by our group has measured the central film thickness for the ball–outer ring contact at different oil supply and oil viscosity at low speeds. (22) The optical interferometry method was used. The results show that the contact can get starved for rotating speeds higher than 6 rpm for oil supply of 1.5ml, while it keeps fully flooded for all test speeds for oil supply of 7 ml. The viscosity of the test oil is 539 mPas. The results remind us to further investigate the oil distribution in the bearing. However, when measuring the film thickness of the contact, only one contact can be measured at once. The relation between different contacts can be hardly seen at the same time. For this article, the lubricating oil was dyed so that the migration and distribution of the lubricating oil in the bearing under different influencing factors can be observed directly by photography. The characteristics and influencing factors for oil distribution was discussed. This work is a start of a bearing project. Very low speeds from 1rpm to 20 rpm were focused on. It is still useful to investigate the lubrication at low speeds as might happen for the starting process of rolling bearings.
A novel tribological approach for selection of low friction engine lubricating oil
Published in Tribology - Materials, Surfaces & Interfaces, 2021
Amar Kumar Jain, Manoj Kumar, Gananath D. Thakre
The friction encountered in an engine has often been tested and evaluated using various engine test bench studies. However, engine test bench studies are not only time-consuming but also a very costly approach. Hence, Truhan et al. [13] proposed a rig test to measure friction between the piston ring and liner. The tests were performed using ring segments on a flat specimen. Similarly, Woydt and Kelling [14] advocated the tribological testing of lubricants and materials outside engines. The proposed testing protocol could be used for comparative assessment of tribological behaviour of lubricants. Similar testing protocols have been proposed by various researchers that are able to provide useful and reliable information on the lubricant selection for engines in reduced time and budget, eliminating the need for costly and time-consuming engine test bench studies [15].