China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Mechanical Systems
Published in Ramin S. Esfandiari, Bei Lu, Modeling and Analysis of Dynamic Systems, 2018
This chapter discusses the modeling techniques for mechanical systems in either translational or rotational motion, or both. We begin this chapter with an introduction of mechanical elements, including mass elements, spring elements, and damper elements. The concept of equivalence is discussed, which simplifies the modeling of systems in many applications. We then review Newton’s second law and apply it to translational systems. For rotational systems, moment equations are used to obtain dynamic models. For systems involving both translational and rotational motions, equations of motion can be derived using the force/moment approach, based on Newtonian mechanics, or the energy method, based on analytical mechanics. Examples are given to illustrate both methods, followed by a brief coverage of gear–train systems. The chapter concludes with simulation of mechanical systems, using MATLAB®, Simulink®, and SimscapeTM computer tools.
Integrated Circuit Design Process and Electronic Design Automation
Published in Luciano Lavagno, Igor L. Markov, Grant Martin, Louis K. Scheffer, Electronic Design Automation for IC System Design, Verification, and Testing, 2017
Robert Damiano, Raul Camposano, Grant E. Martin
During the implementation process, the verification engineer continues to monitor behavioral consistency through equivalence checking and using LVS comparison. The layout engineer analyzes timing and signal integrity issues through timing analysis tools and uses their results to drive implementation decisions. At the end of the layout, the design team has accurate resistances, capacitances, and inductances for the layout. The system engineer uses a sign-off timing analysis tool to determine if the layout meets timing goals. The layout engineer needs to run a DRC on the layout to check for violations.
The Integrated Circuit Design Process and Electronic Design Automation
Published in Louis Scheffer, Luciano Lavagno, Grant Martin, EDA for IC System Design, Verification, and Testing, 2018
Robert Damiano, Raul Camposano
During the implementation process, the verification engineer continues to monitor behavioral consistency through equivalence checking and using LVS comparison. The layout engineer analyzes timing and signal integrity issues through timing analysis tools, and uses their results to drive implementation decisions. At the end of the layout, the design team has accurate resistances, capacitances, and inductances for the layout. The system engineer uses a sign-off timing analysis tool to determine if the layout meets timing goals. The layout engineer needs to run a DRC on the layout to check for violations.
A Methodology to Support the Development of a New State Vision for the U.S. Nuclear Industry
Published in Nuclear Technology, 2023
Casey Kovesdi, Zachary Spielman, Rachael Hill, Tina Miyake, Jeremy Mohon
Another important element of V&V is ISV. ISV validates, using performance-based tests, the complete (integrated) design. It is important to note that ISV entails simulated use, or operator-in-the-loop studies, to validate that the design conforms to the requirements. For modifications, another important consideration is whether the modification has any negative impacts on human-system performance (i.e., such as to plant performance, task performance, workload, situational awareness, team communication, and anthropometry) compared to the existing (as-is) state.35 In the case where equivalence is important (e.g., ensure safety and reliability), ISV measures and analysis may consider statistical equivalence testing as a way of evaluating practical equivalence across human-system performance with the existing and new state. NUREG/CR-7190 (Ref. 36) provides guidance on selecting methods and measures for ISV that address human-system performance. Kovesdi et al. 34 provide an abbreviated set of common methods that support the evaluation of human-system performance.
Generalized Equivalence Theory Used with Spatially Linear Sources in the Method of Characteristics for Neutron Transport
Published in Nuclear Science and Engineering, 2020
Guillaume Giudicelli, Kord Smith, Benoit Forget
To obtain effective equivalence parameters, it is very important that the objective and simplified systems behave very similarly. The local flux shapes must be very similar, and in MOC this entails having a very similar source discretization. Indeed, the source discretization is an important approximation between Monte Carlo where it is continuous and MOC where we make it piecewise flat or linear in spatial regions. Equivalence factors will correct this source discretization error in the simplified system, so this error needs to be identical in both systems. If we are planning to use eight linear source sectors in the coolant in the objective system, we must do the same in the simplified system. The linear source implementation in OpenMOC followed the formulation in Ref. 20.
Using a baseline with the probability of agreement to compare distribution characteristics
Published in Quality Engineering, 2022
Lu Lu, Christine M. Anderson-Cook, Nathaniel T. Stevens, Luke Hagar
Alternative methods, such as non-parametric hypothesis tests (Gibbons and Chakraborti 2020), equivalence tests (Wellek 2010; Anderson-Cook and Borror 2016; Richter and Richter 2002), and the probability of agreement (Stevens, Steiner, and MacKay 2017; Stevens, Rigdon, and Anderson-Cook 2018a) all seek to address one or more of these limitations of a traditional hypothesis test. Non-parametric tests reduce the dependency on underlying distributional properties. Equivalence tests provide a framework for the user to specify what size of difference is practically important, allowing experimenters to account for practically important versus practically negligible differences.