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Equalization
Published in Alexander U. Case, Sound FX, 2012
The audio goal of an equalizer is to adjust the relative levels of the various frequency ranges present in any signal passing through it. If the signal is dull lacking high-frequency sparkle, the equalizer is the tool used to amplify what little high-frequency energy is there. If the sound is painfully bright, harshly assaulting the ears with too much high-frequency sizzle, the equalizer offers the solution by attenuating the level of the exaggerated high-frequency portion of the audio signal. Engineers use equalizers to adjust the relative amplitude of a signal within specific and controllable frequency ranges. The console master fader adjusts the amplitude of the entire audio signal. Think of an equalizer as a frequency specific fader; it increases or decreases the amplitude of a signal at certain frequencies only.
Non-linear equalisation and CFO compensation for MIMO-OFDM communication systems based on DWT
Published in International Journal of Electronics, 2021
K. Ramadan, Moawad I. Dessouky, Fathi E. Abd El-Samie
where , , i ∊{1, 2}, is the power spectral density of white Gaussian noise, and is the iith average power per symbol. Comparing the covariance matrices in Equations (12) and (13) of the proposed JLRZF-SIC equaliser, and the MMSE-SIC equaliser, it is clear that the proposed JLRZF-SIC equaliser constructs the covariance matrix expressed in Equation (12) using a constant regularisation parameter instead of the estimation of the received average power per symbol. Thus, the complexity required for average power estimation is avoided in the proposed JLRZF-SIC equaliser. In order to recover the 1st data stream vector, the received frequency response is multiplied by as:
Design of the equaliser with lower-order Chebyshev polynomial for bandwidth expansion of transmission channel of logging cable
Published in Australian Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, 2018
Tao Liu, Libin Zhu, Xianhui Yang, Wenxiao Qiao
In this paper, we set the function A(s) representing the transmission characteristic of the cable and G(s) is the transmission function of the equaliser, which are corresponding to a(t) and g(t) in time domain, respectively. The impulse response of the equaliser that we have designed and implemented is always real numbers. Thus, the following is obtained:
Joint channel estimation and turbo equalisation for MIMO-OFDM-IM systems
Published in International Journal of Electronics, 2019
Yu-Kuan Chang, Fang-Biau Ueng, Ye-Shun Shen, Cheng-Hui Liao
The MMSE criterion is employed to find the optimal equaliser which minimises the cost function J, where J can be described as