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General Aspects of Science, Design, and Engineering
Published in Tarun Grover, Mugdha Thareja, Science in Design, 2020
According to Bryan Lawson and Kees Dorst (author of Design Expertise), “One of the difficulties in understanding design, is its multifaceted nature. There is no one single way of looking at the design that captures the ‘essence’ without missing some other salient aspects”. Therefore, it is a big challenge to define the design in one frame. This is considered as a process of design activities – inputs, evaluations, and outputs. Design is truly multifaceted; it is a composition of many different disciplines of work coming together. The concept of the design paradigm is used to illustrate the model of an object that alters the layout with an aim to address changing demands and problems facing the distinguished design professions. A design paradigm can be envisioned as a prototype or a solution considered by a community as being effective, influential, and sustainable for growth. A design paradigm is a three-dimensional structure of a working relationship between groups of components and serves as an epitome for business success that ensures the quality of deliverables. The latest emerging and most powerful aspects of design paradigm are as follows: Experience Design: Experience design or XD is a cross-disciplinary perspective of design paradigm that involves the practice of designing an object, process, service, or environment, with a focus on delivering the best quality experience to the end user through interactive solutions. Experience design takes into account human factors applied during the design process. An innovative experience design rivets minds and increases the business appetite for radical ideas.Eco Design: Also known as sustainable design, eco-design involves the creation and redesign of products and services to bring configuration changes that reap many business benefits including but not limited to reduced cost, increased customer satisfaction, improved economy, and reduced damage to the environment.Service Design: Service design is the activity in which the designer specifies and creates a process to deliver an optimal solution for specific user requirements. It is a process of planning the arrangement of service components in order to increase the customer’s interaction with the brand. It primarily informs the need for change in the existing process and for building a new product based on past experience design outcomes.Sustainable Design: Sustainable design is the practice of multiple disciplines that integrate an environmentally friendly approach and consider nature’s resources as part of the design assets so that they exist in harmony with natural systems. The goal of sustainable design is to achieve a better future for the human race through the wise and low-volume consumption of Earth’s resources. This design approach is most sought after in the concept of circular economy business models.
METH Research on Design Paradigm of Cultural Heritage Based on Embodied Cognition
Published in International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 2022
Hao Hu, Qinghua Li, Xiaoxiao Cao
The concept of paradigm was put forward by Thomas Kuhn, an American philosopher of science, in the book of “structure of the scientific revolution.” His explanation of the scientific paradigm is as follows: within a certain period of time, the model of problem raising and problem-solving recognized by people in specific professional fields upon which scientific achievement depends (Kuhn, 2012). Design disciplines have specific ways of observing and solving problems, and these working procedures and methods reflect the problem environment and solving strategies in the designer’s mind (Guosheng, 2015), it is often referred to as the Design Paradigm.