China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Historical Perspectives and Technological Breakthroughs
Published in Harry F. Tibbals, Medical Nanotechnology and Nanomedicine, 2017
Medical doctors are conservative in their approach to adopting new technologies. Guided by the admonition to “first, do no harm,” and rigorously trained through mentorship, the medical profession sets high standards which any new proposed technique or device must pass. This is supported not only by the culture of the medical profession and community, but also embodied in the legal framework of medical regulation by the FDA and similar bodies. Such conservatism toward innovation is laudable, and works to ensure safety and efficacy in an age that rushes to adopt innovations that are developed ever more rapidly by a continuous revolution of advancing science and technology. Modern evidence-based medicine welcomes innovation to meet growing needs brought about by constantly evolving pathogens, new chronic and environmental diseases and disorders, and growing and aging populations. But medicine remains fundamentally about human care, in which technology is only a means to an end. Any new technology has the power to do good and harm. I have full confidence that in the hands of our medical fraternity, it will be used for good.
Sensitivity Analysis
Published in Charles Yoe, Principles of Risk Analysis, 2019
Engineers and public health officials, to name just two professions, are biased toward designing systems conservatively to try to minimize or eliminate the chance of adverse outcomes. The engineering profession in particular has regarded conservatism in design as the accumulated wisdom of centuries of experience that has taught that the conditions of the real world are not always predictable and it makes good sense to provide some margin of error for unforeseen events. This drive toward conservatism has led to the widespread propagation and use of worst-case scenarios.
Hierarchical conditions for exponential stabilisation of time-varying delay systems using Bessel–Legendre inequalities and Finsler's lemma
Published in International Journal of Systems Science, 2023
However, most of the contributions about time delay systems are focused on stability analysis (Phat et al., 2012; Qiu et al., 2023). As pointed out in the recent survey (Zhang et al., 2022), one of the main drawbacks of adapting the existing LKF-based approaches to the stabilisation of time delay systems is that the control parameters to be designed are closely coupled with Lyapunov matrices, which poses a challenging issue. In this respect, two directions can be found in the literature: (i) the use of iterative LMIs (Parlakçı, 2006; J. Sun et al., 2009), and (ii) the linearisation of the matrix inequalities of control synthesis of time delay systems by performing some bounding techniques (Mátyás et al., 2020). However, in the former case, the convergence of iterative LMIs is not always guaranteed and the computational complexity is high. In the latter case, these drawbacks are removed but at the expense of additional conservatism. Therefore, the research of more efficient methods for control synthesis of time-varying delay systems still remains open.
Understanding and Effectively Managing Conservatisms in Safety Analysis of Nonreactor Nuclear Facilities
Published in Nuclear Technology, 2021
Mohammad Modarres, Steven Krahn, James O’Brien
To illustrate the conservative approach to safety analysis, consider Fig. 1. In the conservative approach, the results are expressed in terms of a set of deterministically calculated values for the safety parameters of interest (e.g., radioactive dose) that are expected to be more pessimistic than the true values of those parameters. The difference between a conservative estimate of the safety parameter of interest and the regulatory requirement/limit is referred to as the safety margin. Conservatism is intended to make the calculated deterministic value more limiting than the true (but unknown) value of a safety parameter of interest to assure that the estimated safety margin is smaller than the true safety margin. The difference between the true safety margin and the estimated safety margin is described in IAEA Publication 1428 as the “overbuilt safety margin.”
Safety clutter: the accumulation and persistence of ‘safety’ work that does not contribute to operational safety
Published in Policy and Practice in Health and Safety, 2018
A. J. Rae, D. J. Provan, D. E. Weber, S. W. A. Dekker
Conservatism is where a high-level rule allows for discretion, but the rule is applied at lower levels with the discretion removed. Conservatism is the opposite of risk-based decision making, operating on the assumption that the strictest requirements always provide the most safety.