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Hybrid Market Structure and the Aviation Industry
Published in Bijan Vasigh, Ken Fleming, Thomas Tacker, Introduction to Air Transport Economics, 2018
Bijan Vasigh, Ken Fleming, Thomas Tacker
The concentration ratio is a measure of the total market share held by a certain number of firms in the industry. The general form of the concentration ratio formula can be described as: CRm=Σm=1nQmn×100
Analysis on the space–time difference characteristics of inbound tourism in Gansu province
Published in Ai Sheng, Energy, Environment and Green Building Materials, 2015
Concentration ratio is an important indicator of market monopoly. Usually, ordering the front of several major market shares reflects their monopoly[13]. The general indicators used are CR1, CR4, and CR8. In this paper, CR1 and CR8 are used to characterize the first degree, before the eight cities (prefectures) tourist reception status inbound tourists destination.
Corruption, market structure, and industry competition in the Vietnamese construction sector
Published in Construction Management and Economics, 2023
Trinh Nguyen Chau, Thi Thu Tra Pham, Thi Cam Van Ha, Duy Nguyen
The literature on competition has suggested different measurements of industry competition. They can be broadly categorized into two groups: Industry-level competition, and firm-specific relative market power. The first group typically includes the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI) (Mitton 2008, Paul et al.2019) and the n-firm concentration ratio (CRn) (Alexeev and Song 2013) that measure market concentration. There are two common issues about the use of these measures of competition. First, industry structure measures require industry membership to be explicitly defined (Bushman et al.2016), making it difficult to capture competition deriving from potential entrants. Second, industry structure measures alone rely on the restrictive assumption that all industry members are subjected to identical levels of competition. This is unlikely to be the case due to heterogeneity in firms’ relative market shares and local environments.
Irrigation subsidy policy in Chile: lessons from the allocation, uneven distribution and water resources implications
Published in International Journal of Water Resources Development, 2023
Cristian Jordan, Guillermo Donoso, Stijn Speelman
As aforementioned, consultants are one key pillar of the subsidy programme because by Law they are responsible for the search, leverage and submission of the irrigation demand to the CNR. We describe and analyse the market competition for subsidy acquisition by the pool of consultants, exploring the extent of such competition (or concentration) for subsidy funds. For doing so, we employ two market concentration indexes: the k-firm concentration ratio (Ck) and the Herfindahl–Hirschman index (HHI) (McAdam et al., 2019; Rhoades, 1993), for the subset of data 2010–19. Ck is based on the addition of market shares (subsidies acquisition) for a k number of firms (consultants), ranging from 0 to 1, representing no and full market concentration. We use C4 and C8, the market share for the four and eight firms capturing the most subsidies.