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General introduction
Published in Adedeji B. Badiru, Handbook of Industrial and Systems Engineering, 2013
Situation awareness is essentially a state in which an observer understands what is going on in his or her environment (Endsley, 2000a). There are three levels of SA: perception, comprehension, and projection. Perceptional SA requires that the observer know to which information sources attention should be focused and how to perceive these sources. In most complex environments, many information sources can draw attention. Dividing one's attention among all of them reduces the time that one can spend on critical cues and increases the chance that one may miss important events. This is Level 1SA, which can be lacking when relevant information sources have low salience, are physically obstructed, are not available at needed times, when there are distractions, or when the observer lacks an adequate sampling strategy (Eurocontrol, 2003). The observer must be able to distinguish three types of information sources: those that must be examined and updated constantly, those that can be searched only when needed, and those that can be ignored. Comprehension is the process of integrating the relevant information that is received into a cohesive understanding of the environment and retaining this understanding in memory for as long as it is needed. This includes both objective analysis and subjective interpretation (Flach, 1995). Comprehension can be compromised when the observer has an inadequate schema of the work environment or is overreliant on default information or default responses (Eurocontrol, 2003).
Human Factors in systems modeling
Published in Adedeji B. Badiru, Systems Engineering Models, 2019
Comprehension is the process of integrating the relevant information that is received into a cohesive understanding of the environment and retaining this understanding in memory for as long as it is needed. This includes both objective analysis and subjective interpretation (Flach, 1995). Comprehension can be compromised when the observer has an inadequate schema of the work environment or is over-reliant on default information or default responses (Eurocontrol, 2003).
Industrial Engineering and Human Factors
Published in Adedeji B. Badiru, The Story of Industrial Engineering, 2018
Comprehension is the process of integrating the relevant information that is received into a cohesive understanding of the environment and retaining this understanding in memory for as long as it is needed. This includes both objective analysis and subjective interpretation (Flach, 1995). Comprehension can be compromised when the observer has an inadequate schema of the work environment or is over-reliant on default information or default responses (Eurocontrol, 2003).
The mediating role of social presence in the relationship between shadow IT usage and individual performance: a social presence theory perspective
Published in Behaviour & Information Technology, 2021
Gabriela Labres Mallmann, Antonio Carlos Gastaud Maçada
Biocca and Harms (2002) define comprehension as the degree to which a person feels that she/he has a similar view about the intentions, motivations, and thoughts of another. That is, both people realise there is a mutual understanding between them. This element can be related to the ease with which the communication channel can be used to transmit information, facial expressions, posture and nonverbal cues, thus facilitating both understanding between the parties and aiding the process of transmitting and understanding emotions.