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CAD Modeling and CAE Simulation
Published in Jose Martin Herrera Ramirez, Luis Adrian Zuñiga Aviles, Designing Small Weapons, 2022
Jose Martin Herrera Ramirez, Luis Adrian Zuñiga Aviles
Co-simulation or cooperative simulation is a methodology applied to simulation, which allows individual components to be simulated with different tools running simultaneously and exchanging information collaboratively. The environment in the co-simulation must receive at least two inputs that interact with each other and automatically generate an output [8]. There are two main characteristics required in the co-simulation. The first is flexibility, which is a tool available to be adaptable to modifications that may occur during the design, such as in the external or technological environment: modularity and scalability. The second is precision, which must allow the designer to choose the levels of accuracy and, depending on these, it can be divided into validation time and functional validation [9].
Integrated resource flow modelling of the urban built environment
Published in Jan L.M. Hensen, Roberto Lamberts, Building Performance Simulation for Design and Operation, 2019
Co-simulation (Sicklinger et al. 2014) refers to the orchestration of interactions between two or more multi-physical simulators, to ensure data is exchanged between them as required. When using a co-simulation approach, a number of variables are defined that need to be shared between different simulation tools, accessed via the co-simulation platform. With its roots in the automotive industry, the Functional Mock-up Interface (FMI) (Blochwitz et al. 2011) is a co-simulation standard that has gained significant traction within the building simulation community. FMI is an open-source standard by which two or more Functional Mock-up Units may be coupled, one of which acts as the Master Algorithm: controlling the execution of each FMU and the exchange of data between them. Each FMU consists of a. zip archive containing an XML file describing the variable definitions used by the FMU and a compiled executable of the source code containing the equations being solved.
Filling the Gap between Conventional Software-in-the-Loop and Hardware-in-the-Loop Simulation Environments
Published in Katalin Popovici, Pieter J. Mosterman, Real-Time Simulation Technologies, 2017
Stefan Resmerita, Patricia Derler, Wolfgang Pree, Kenneth Butts
The main purpose of co-simulation is validating the functionality of hardware (HW) and software (SW) components by simulating two or more system parts that are described on different levels of abstraction. The challenge is the interface between the different abstraction levels. A simulation of the system should be possible throughout the entire design process where the model of the same component is refined iteratively [11]. Co-simulation as a basis for co-design and system verification can be performed in various manners where typically a trade-off between accuracy and performance must be made [12]. Various commercial and academic co-simulation frameworks have been proposed in literature; surveys can be found in Edwards et al. [12], Huebert [13], and Bosman [14].
Co-simulation of district heating systems and borehole heat exchanger arrays using 3D finite element method subsurface models
Published in Journal of Building Performance Simulation, 2022
Julian Formhals, Bastian Welsch, Hoofar Hemmatabady, Daniel O. Schulte, Lukas Seib, Ingo Sass
Overall, a methodology is developed and presented, which facilitates the co-simulation of systems, which cannot be simulated accurately by standalone simulations. The coupling of the two sub-models, which are each modelled in a tool specifically dedicated for the respective domain, significantly increases the potential to consider strong interactions between the two system parts. From the view point of the energy system, the performance of the BHE array can be predicted more accurately, which is key for a profound economic and energetic assessment. In contrast to a standalone simulation of the BHE array, the co-simulation approach allows for a more precise analysis of subsurface processes, such as thermal impact on groundwater. For an appropriate use however, these apparent benefits should outweigh the added effort.
An artificial intelligence-based method to efficiently bring CFD to building simulation
Published in Journal of Building Performance Simulation, 2018
Walter Mazuroski, Julien Berger, Ricardo C. L. F. Oliveira, Nathan Mendes
Co-simulation can be technically defined as a type of simulation where at least two simulation tools – each one offering different numerical solutions to a physical or mathematical problem – jointly solve differential-algebraic systems of equations and exchange data while the coupling is active (Annex 60 2012; Mazuroski, Mendes, and Oliveira 2017; Nouidui, Wetter, and Zuo 2014). There are several co-simulation approaches such as the one-to-one, middleware or a standard interface such the Functional Mock-up Interface (FMI) (FMI-Standard 2017). The one-to-one and FMI approaches are implemented in the Domus simulation program to allow its coupling with other models and tools. For the co-simulation between Domus and CFX, the one-to-one coupling is used based on scripts. The type of coupling is the Ping–Pong method (Hensen 1999), creating a weak coupling between the tools. Domus has been chosen as the BPS tool because the authors have been worked in the evolution of the software since long time, having access and full understanding of the source code. However, in principle any other BPS tool could be used to illustrate the advantages of the proposed methodology.
Co-simulation of complex engineered systems enabled by a cognitive twin architecture
Published in International Journal of Production Research, 2022
Yuanfu Li, Jinwei Chen, Zhenchao Hu, Huisheng Zhang, Jinzhi Lu, Dimitris Kiritsis
Co-simulation is an emerging enabling modus to combine different tools, digital entities, and disciplines for the simulation of a complex engineered system. Co-simulation refers to a means of analysing the performance of virtual prototypes by using simulation software of different disciplines. It deals with the intersection of multidisciplinary information of complex products and integrates models of different fields efficiently and ensures the stability of data interaction. The distributed simulation and integrated simulation are the two types of co-simulation methods. For the former type, systems and applications run at different locations. It usually has hardware in the loop. For the latter type, simulation tools and simulation models are integrated into one simulation system.