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Storage and databases for big data
Published in Jun Deng, Lei Xing, Big Data in Radiation Oncology, 2019
Tomas Skripcak, Uwe Just, Ida Schönfeld, Esther G.C. Troost, Mechthild Krause
Key–value stores are based on the idea of distributed hash tables searchable by a key that identifies the corresponding value (binary data), see Figure 3.4a. In computer science, these sorts of data structures are also known as associative arrays. Intrinsic operations that are supported by a key–value store itself are limited to the management of key–value pairs such as insert new pair, reassign value, remove pair, or lookup according to a key. Any other data processing (including reference integrity checking) has to be performed on the client site by the power-user who has the knowledge about the internal structure of values within the key–value store and the key naming conventions. Key–value store technology is often used as a low-level modeling scheme even for more complex data models. Different implementations of key–value stores can provide extended support for specialized value types declared as lists and sets or documents using Extensible Markup Language (XML) or JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) encoding. Often they use an in-memory storage mechanism but can also operate on a distributed file system.
Server-Side Technologies
Published in Akshi Kumar, Web Technology, 2018
Arrays are complex variables that allow us to store more than one value or a group of values under a single variable name. There are three types of arrays that you can create in PHP. These are: Indexed array: An array with a numeric key. Here the indices of the data elements are numbers that start with 0 (zero indexed) and grow incrementally. Here the indexes of the 3 elements or values are 0, 1, and 2, respectively. For example: This is equivalent to the following example, in which indexes are assigned manually: Associative array: An array where each key has its own specific value. That is, in an associative array, the keys assigned to values can be arbitrary and user defined strings. In the following example, the array uses keys instead of index numbers: Multidimensional array: An array containing one or more arrays within it. In a multidimensional array, each element can also be an array and each element in the sub-array can be an array or further contain an array within itself and so on. An example of a multidimensional array will look something like this Figure 9.8.
A
Published in Phillip A. Laplante, Dictionary of Computer Science, Engineering, and Technology, 2017
associative array a data structure, in the abstract an array but in practice which can have any implementation, where the desired value is selected not by a position (numerical subscript) but by specifying a key value by which the element may be retrieved.
A rough set model based on (L, M)-fuzzy generalized neighborhood systems: a constructive approach
Published in International Journal of General Systems, 2022
Kamal El-Saady, Hussein S. Hussein, Ayat A. Temraz
A semi-quantale is said to be unital (Rodabaugh 2007) if the binary operation ⊗ has an identity element called the unit. If the unit e of the groupoid coincides with the top element of L, then a unital semi-quantale is called a strictly two-sided or integral semi-quantale.commutative (Rodabaugh 2007) if the binary operation ⊗ is commutative, i.e. , .a quantale (Rosenthal 1990) if the binary operation ⊗ is associative and satisfies
Ideals of an EMV-semiring
Published in International Journal of General Systems, 2020
R. A. Borzooei, M. Shenavaei, A. Di Nola, O. Zahiri
Let M be an EMV-algebra. For all we define where and . Then is an order preserving, associative well-defined binary operation on M which does not depend on with . In addition, if and then for all idempotents a, b of M with .
Some further construction methods for uninorms on bounded lattices
Published in International Journal of General Systems, 2023
Gül Deniz Çaylı, Ümit Ertuğrul, Funda Karaçal
Let be a bounded lattice. A commutative, associative, non-decreasing in each variable binary operation is called a uninorm on L if there is an element called the neutral element, such that for all