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On New Sequence Spaces Related to Domain of the Jordan Totient Matrix
Published in S. A. Mohiuddine, Bipan Hazarika, Sequence Space Theory with Applications, 2023
Emrah Evren Kara, Necip Şimşek, Merve Ilkhan Kara
The Jordan's function Jr:ℕ→ℕ of order r is an arithmetic function which generalizes the well-known Euler totient function. Here and what follows r is a positive integer and ℕ is the set of all natural numbers 1,2,3,…. The value Jr(n) equals to the number of r-tuples of positive integers all less than or equal to n that form a co-prime (r+1)-tuples together with n. Note that J1 is Euler's totient function.
An Efficient Technique for Image Compression and Quality Retrieval in Diagnosis of Brain Tumour Hyper Spectral Image
Published in K. Gayathri Devi, Kishore Balasubramanian, Le Anh Ngoc, Machine Learning and Deep Learning Techniques for Medical Science, 2022
V.V. Teresa, J. Dhanasekar, V. Gurunathan, T. Sathiyapriya
The movability of electronic elements has increased in recent years, and low-power arithmetic circuits have become increasingly significant in the VLSI industry. Adders are the most important circuits in VLSI designs, which have risen in demand for low-power arithmetic circuits. The Multiplier-Accumulator (MAC) unit is found in the DSP essential construction section. The Full Adder is a component of the Macintosh unit [1]. The Macintosh unit includes a Full Adder component, which can have a substantial impact on the overall system's performance. Because of the lower power consumption, the complete Adder circuit is crucial for decreasing power consumption. The crucial procedure CSLA is computed in parallel. CSLA produces many carriers and a partial total. The sum and carry of extremes are chosen using multiplexers. Within the CSLA architecture, the addition operation is a vital arithmetic function that frequently rattles up the performance of digital systems. Adders are most commonly used in electrical applications. A novel type of adder, known as hybrid adders, was introduced in 2002. These adders are utilized to improve the speed of the adding procedure. Artificially CSLA/carry look-ahead style is provided by the adders. Low power multiplier planning is aided by improved artificial FAs. The speed of addition in digital adders is primarily supported by propagation delay, which is limited by the adder's propagation delay. The space and power optimized knowledge path log is one of the most important researches in VLSI design.
Microprocessor Systems
Published in Dale R. Patrick, Stephen W. Fardo, Industrial Process Control Systems, 2021
Dale R. Patrick, Stephen W. Fardo
A microprocessor is the primary control section of a computer, scaled down so that it fits on a single IC chip, The ALU part of the chip achieves the arithmetic function. Accumulators are temporary registers that store operands that are to be processed by the ALU. Data registers are used to temporarily store the address of a memory location that can be accessed for data. A program counter is used to hold the address of the next instruction to be executed in a program. Instruction decoders are used to decipher an instruction after it has been pulled from memory. Sequence controllers maintain the logical order in which events are performed by the MPU. Buses are a group of conductor paths that supply words to registers.
A new fitness function in genetic programming for classification of imbalanced data
Published in Journal of Experimental & Theoretical Artificial Intelligence, 2022
Genetic programming (GP) is an evolutionary computational method proposed by Koza (Koza, 1992). GP, motivated by Darwin’s natural evolution principles, focuses on the survival of the fittest. In GP, there is a set of Individuals, called the population. These individuals are called Programs. These programs represent solutions for considered problems. A Program represents a mathematical polynomial. A polynomial is an algebraic expression that consists of variables, coefficients, and constants. Variable represents the input feature variable of the data set. In the GP framework, dimensionality reduction is implicit in the form of feature selection. GP Programs are generated stochastically, and if a Program contains the best features, there is a higher chance that those programs or programs similar to that will go to the next or final generation. These Programs are expressed as a tree (Figure 1). An arithmetic function called the fitness function, is used for evaluation of programs. The whole population processes to multiple generations till the required good solution is not found or a predefined criterion is not met. Three nature-inspired genetic operators: crossover, mutation, and reproduction are used for processing the population. By applying genetic operators, the GP framework ensures that the best individual’s fitness is converged to one, over a generation by generation. The functioning of the GP can be given as follows:
Catchment-scale, high-resolution, hydraulic models and habitat maps – a salmonid's perspective
Published in Journal of Ecohydraulics, 2020
Antóin M. O’Sullivan, Bernhard Wegscheider, Jani Helminen, Joseph G. Cormier, Tommi Linnansaari, Dale A. Wilson, R. Allen Curry
The presence of shadows, dry gravel areas, boulders and vegetation can reduce the accuracy of image-derived depth mapping (Legleiter et al. 2004). We conducted a filtering analysis to remove these artefacts from the image. First, we exploited all four (R, G, B and NIR) spectral bands and used a Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI –McFeeters 1996) to extract the approximate river from the image. NDWI was conducted in ArcMap using the “band arithmetic” function (Figure 3(a,b)). To remove gravels and boulders from the NDWI defined water body and establish the wetted river, we visually inspected R, G and B bands against the RGB image to ascertain which band best characterized dry gravels and boulders. Band 2 (green) was found to best define dry gravels and boulders. We then manually queried the dry gravel and boulder digital numbers (DN), established DN > 100 characterized these features and used a conditional function in “raster calculator” ArcMap 10.5 to remove gravels and boulders from the image (Figure 3(c)). We used the same technique to remove shadows from the image, i.e. band 1 (red) best delimited shadows (DN < 12). The outputs from the two steps were merged to produce a final, “filtered” image (Figure 3(d)).
Adaptive policies for short-term material flow optimization in a mining complex
Published in Mining Technology, 2018
Cosmin Paduraru, Roussos Dimitrakopoulos
The case study illustrates the benefits of using state-dependent policies for determining how destination decisions should adapt to new information about the material that is allocated. The use of state-dependent destination policies was shown to lead to better cash flows and more reliable mill usage, as compared to a heuristic policy similar to maximizing economic block value. Beyond value considerations, the type of short-term analysis conducted here can point out where the risk lies in terms of both time (for instance, weeks 20–35 in Figure 6) and space (by identifying where the blocks extracted in that time frame are located within the deposit). The analysis could also help mill operators decide in advance when the best time to close the mill for maintenance would be. The specific policy used in the case study is conceptually simple: for each decision, it performs a maximization over a very small number of variables (equal to the number of destinations). The function that is maximized is an arithmetic function of grades, recoveries, costs and feed pile tonnage. In practice, implementing such a policy would require a system that feeds the values of variable quantities such as mining block grade and feed pile tonnage into a computerized system that recommends the best destination.