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Principles and Practical Uses of Virtual Reality Games as a Physical Therapy Strategy
Published in Christopher M. Hayre, Dave J. Muller, Marcia J. Scherer, Everyday Technologies in Healthcare, 2019
Lorena Cruz, Felipe Augusto dos Santos Mendes, Silvia Gonçalves Ricci Neri, Rodrigo Luiz Carregaro
It is worth noting that most VRG studies have recurrent biases, which weakens the scientific evidence (Miller et al., 2014; Neri et al., 2017). Bias can lead to overestimation of the true intervention effect (Gluud, 2006), and it compromises clinical recommendations. The systematic review by Neri et al. (2017) showed that the majority of studies using VRGs have not reported a proper description of randomization and allocation concealment. The purpose of randomization is to eliminate systematic biases that can influence the allocation of treatment groups (i.e. subjects should have the same chance of receiving any intervention) (Altman, 1991). Allocation concealment ‘shields’ researchers from knowing the upcoming assignments and, without it, the randomization is compromised and readers cannot rely on the results (Schulz and Grimes, 2002).
Partial vs full glottic view with CMACTM D blade intubation of airway with simulated cervical spine injury: a randomized controlled trial
Published in Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2023
Chao Chia Cheong, Soon Yiu Ong, Siu Min Lim, Wan Zakaria Wan A., Marzida Mansor, Sook Hui Chaw
The patients were randomized into two groups, namely, Group POGO 100% (full glottic view) and Group POGO < 50% (partial glottic view), using computer generated sequence in a permuted block of eight. A research assistant who was not involved in the subsequent conduct of study performed the allocation concealment by placing randomization sequence into sealed envelopes. Sealed envelopes were unsealed by intubating anesthetist before induction of anesthesia. The intubation was performed by an experienced anesthetist who had conducted a series of 50 laryngoscopies and intubations with POGO of < 50% using CMACTM D blade before recruitment. All personnel involved (patients, anesthetic nurses, and the data collector) were blinded to randomization sequence.
Outcomes and evaluation of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography via Gastro-Laryngeal Tube in adult patients: a prospective randomised control study
Published in Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2023
Anshika Dengre, Rudrashish Haldar, Ashish Kumar Kannaujia, Nidhi Singh, Samir Mohindra, Prabhaker Mishra
On the day of the procedure, after obtaining written and informed consent and confirming nil per oral status, standard ASA monitoring was attached, and patients were randomly allocated into two groups: G (G-LT group) and S (spontaneous ventilation group). Randomisation was computer-generated and allocation concealment was via opaque-sealed envelopes. Envelope picking was done by anesthesia technologist, not involved in the conduct of the case. Patients in Group G underwent ERCP after insertion of G-LT. Patients in Group S underwent the procedure on spontaneous ventilation with a bite block in place. In both the groups, the procedure was performed under deep sedation.
Effects of regular exercise on inflammasome activation-related inflammatory cytokine levels in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Published in Journal of Sports Sciences, 2021
While results of our meta-analysis showed that regular exercise could reduce IL-1β and IL-18 in older adults, only two included RCTs studied the effect of exercise on key molecules involved in inflammasome activation. 1 RCT found that DNA methylation of ASC increased after aerobic exercise in people with heart failure (Butts et al., 2018). ASC gene expression is epigenetically controlled by DNA methylation (Butts et al., 2016). Previous studies have found that increased methylation in the promoter region of the ASC gene is positively associated with decreased ASC mRNA expression and protein level (Butts et al., 2016). While aerobic exercise increased DNA methylation levels of ASC, it might lead to the decreased levels of ASC mRNA and protein. Combined with the results of other key molecules involved in the inflammasome activation signalling, decreased level of ASC might suggest decreased inflammasome activation. However, directly examining ASC mRNA and protein levels is needed. Except for ASC, more studies are required to determine the effect of regular exercise on inflammasome signalling molecules such as pro-caspase-1, caspase-1, and inflammasomes including NLRP3, NLRP1, NLRC4, AIM2 and pyrin. As shown in the graphical abstract, only by studying the changes of these key molecules involved in inflammasome activation signalling after exercise, we can better understand the effect of regular exercise on inflammasome activation. In terms of different training modalities, aerobic exercise, resistance exercise, combined aerobic and resistance exercise were included in the study; however, no RCT investigating the effect of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) was included. HIIT has now become a very popular exercise modality because of its time efficiency and effectiveness in producing positive functional outcomes (Cassidy et al., 2017; Karlsen et al., 2017); thus, further studies should include different training modalities including HIIT. In addition, high-quality RCTs are needed in the future, and special attention should be paid to factors such as “random sequence generation” (randomly assign participants into groups), “allocation concealment” (implementation of the random allocation sequence occurs without knowledge of which participant will receive which treatment) and “blinding of outcome assessment” (conceal treatment group identity from outcome assessors) in conducting RCTs.