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Africa 
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Emerging crisis
Published in Riikka Koulu, Law, Technology and Dispute Resolution, 2018
The EU’s ODR platform is a prominent example of current ODR applications. The platform directs consumers’ claims against online traders to national ADR entities. Since February 2016, over 46,000 complaints have been filed through the platform13 – a surprisingly small number when taking into consideration that the EU’s Single Market accounts for 500 million consumers and 21 million small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs).14 Another, often quoted example of successful ODR is eBay’s Resolution Center, which is claimed to handle around 60 million e-commerce disputes annually.15 eBay is an online marketplace where the sellers list items for sale and buyers may bid for the items and thus enter into a binding agreement with the seller for the sale of goods. As conflicts may arise when the payment is not made or the buyer does not receive an item, eBay has included an ODR process on its website. In addition to ODR, the platform includes the possibility of private enforcement enabled by the connection between eBay and its payment mechanism, PayPal. However, the coercive nature of dispute resolution and private enforcement has been downplayed by collectively referring to these as the Money-Back Guarantee.
Prediction of user loyalty in mobile applications using deep contextualized word representations
Published in Journal of Information and Telecommunication, 2022
Hitman is an action-adventure-focused stealth video game in which players command Agent 47, a genetically boosted assassin, from a third-person perspective, as he travels to international places and performs contracted assassinations of criminal objectives across the world. Soccer Manager is a browser-based multiplayer game that lets managers to buy and sell players and compete head-to-head against other managers from across the world. Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas is an action-adventure-focused game with role-playing and stealth elements. City Driving 3D is a stress buster game that gives the players the feel of driving in a real car in a real city. Ebay is one of the largest online auction shopping sites. AliExpress, which contains many product groups from A to Z, can be used in many countries of the world. Similar to Amazon, AliExpress has a chance for small manufacturers to reach consumers directly.