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Semantic Web Technology–Based Secure System for IoT-Enabled E-Healthcare Services
Published in Bhawana Rudra, Anshul Verma, Shekhar Verma, Bhanu Shrestha, Futuristic Research Trends and Applications of Internet of Things, 2022
Nikita Malik, Sanjay Kumar Malik
The Semantic Web is Sir Tim Berners Lee’s vision of a highly intelligent or meaningful web system that aims at associating meaning with the data for the machines to be able to understand and process it globally. This web of linked data provides a better representation of knowledge and serves in decision making, scheduling, and other tasks efficiently by requiring minimum human involvement (Berners Lee, Hendler, & Lassila, 2001). Semantic Web Technologies (SWTs) are the web technologies supporting semantic web, and form a part of its layered architecture or stack. The SWTs contextualize and give meaning to the data, enabling its linking, automation, sharing, reuse and integration across various applications. RDF (Resource Description Framework) and Ontologies are the two most prominently used SWTs for graph-like knowledge representation and common understanding, SWRL (Semantic Web Rule Language) for rules to reason over the knowledge base, and SPARQL (SPARQL Protocol and RDF Query Language) for querying and accessing this shared data (Dragoni, Solanki, & Blomqvist, 2017).
Domain Knowledge Representations
Published in Nawari O. Nawari, Building Information Modeling, 2018
Based on the concepts and modeling languages defined previously, the Semantic Web Rule Language (SWRL; www.w3.org/Submission/SWRL) is introduced. SWRL is defined as a language that combines other sublanguages such as OWL Web Ontology and the Rule Markup Language (RuleML; www.ruleml.org). RuleML is a markup language developed to express a family of Web rules in XML for deduction, rewriting, and reaction, as well as further inferential, transformational, and behavioral tasks. It is defined by the Rule Markup Initiative (www.ruleml.org), an open network of individuals and groups from both industry and academia that was formed to develop a canonical Web language for rules using XML markup and transformations to and from other rule standards/systems. It is based on a modular, hierarchical specification for different types of rules comprising facts, queries, derivation rules, integrity constraints (consistency maintenance rules), and production rules, as well as the ability of transformations to and from other rule standards/systems.
SimpleBIM: From full ifcOWL graphs to simplified building graphs
Published in Symeon E. Christodoulou, Raimar Scherer, eWork and eBusiness in Architecture, Engineering and Construction, 2017
Alternatively, however, one could also rely on the formal basis of the OWL language (Description Logics) and perform the simplification process in a declarative manner. Such an approach typically takes full advantage of query and rule languages commonly available for handling RDF data and OWL ontologies, like SPARQL and SWRL. These languages allow to declare sets of IF-THEN rules, either in SPARQL CONSTRUCT queries or in SWRL rules thus manipulating original considered data. A query or inference engine is then able to match the left hand side IF-parts of these rules and apply them to the available data (ifcOWL graphs), thus deducing the right hand side THEN-part of the rules.
BOCA: A novel semantic blockchain-based authentication system of educational certificates
Published in International Journal of Computers and Applications, 2022
Minh Duc Nguyen, Cuong H. Nguyen-Dinh, Le Anh Phuong
Berners-Lee et al. [12] invented the Semantic Web that emphasized the major role of ontology in building knowledge models through the process of knowledge specification. A wide range of ontology engineering methods (OEM) have been proposed in the literature thereafter [33–35]. Most of the OEMs are manual processes, hence some steps in these processes were automized by applying linguistic, statistic, or machine learning methods [36–38]. A family of Semantic Web languages describing different semantic levels has been presented to serve the implementation of ontology. For illustration, Resource Description Format2 (RDF) is a standard for data interchange, while its derivation is RDF-Schema3 (RDFS) providing classes and associated properties built on the vocabulary of RDF. The Ontology Web Language4 (OWL) and its second version – OWL-2 are used to represent rich and complex knowledge about things. The Semantic Web Rule Language5 (SWRL) is designed to enrich the expressivity of the OWL and to create business logic. Ontology has been widely applied to the education field in diverse directions such as adaptive game-based learning [14], integration of learning style models [39], or smart learning [13]. For further details of the semantic web-based applications in the field of education, readers are suggested to find useful information in the following surveys [40–42].
Joint distribution: service paradigm, key technologies and its application in the context of Chinese express industry
Published in International Journal of Logistics Research and Applications, 2020
Yandong He, Fuli Zhou, Mingyao Qi, Xu Wang
After resources and capabilities are virtualised, although OWL is well suited to represented structural knowledge, it cannot represent deductive knowledge such as rules. Rule knowledge mainly includes constraint rules which concerns how to describe resources and capabilities, match rules which concerns how to select the optimal resources according to the requests of users. Consequently, The Semantic Web Rule Language (SWRL), a rule language based on OWL, is used to represented various rules. In addition, an existing rule match engine, namely Java Expert System Shell (JESS), is used to implement rule match processes. In this paper, in order to select optimal resources efficiently and accurately, resource-task semantic match reasoning processes are performed with the support of JESS, by translating OWL-based structural match rules and SWRL-based rules into JESS facts and JESS rules, respectively (seen in Figure 8). The match rules and processes can be seen in Section 5.2.
Prototype development of responsive kinetic façade control system for the elderly based on Ambient Assisted Living
Published in Architectural Science Review, 2019
Sungil Ham, Heayon Cho, Hyunsoo Lee, Ghang Lee
A service manager is a system that defines and manages the rules of services to be provided to users in the system in consideration of sensing data and the user’s location and behaviour. The rule in this research is defined as ontology-based OWL/SWRL. The Web Ontology Language (OWL) and Semantic Web Rule Language (SWRL) are international standard languages of the Semantic Web, which was proposed to improve interoperability between heterogeneous systems by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C). Since OWL, which is the expression language of ontology, is based on the description logic (DL), it cannot express relations in which a plurality of different attributes is related. This relationship can be easily solved by expressing it as a rule. Unlike existing relational database (DB) ontology, which is knowledge based (KB), this is easy to change and expand when modification or supplementation occurs. In addition, since information is connected in a semantic way, it is possible to explicitly derive the implicit knowledge inherent in ontology through reasoning. The rules based on OWL/SWRL are commonly available for information sharing and reuse, and have the advantage of not being dependent on a specific language in actual implementation.