China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Integrated resource flow modelling of the urban built environment
Published in Jan L.M. Hensen, Roberto Lamberts, Building Performance Simulation for Design and Operation, 2019
Distributed simulation (Chandy and Misra 1979), on the other hand, is an approach where a number of dissimilar simulations running inside the same environment are split to run over two or more nodes that are connected through a network. Originally developed by the U.S. Department of Defense, the High Level Architecture (HLA) is one such approach (IEEE 2010). In HLA terminology, a federate is the component that is coupled following a specified Federate Object Model (FOM), while a federation refers to a set of federates that follow a common FOM to achieve a defined objective. The HLA standard is comprised of rules to be followed by all HLA-compliant federates: the modelling schema describing information common to a federation and the Run-Time Infrastructure (RTI) that represents the software infrastructure required by federates, to exchange information in a controlled way. The RTI (the HLA equivalent of the FMI Master Algorithm) plays an important role in providing services to federates as a distributed operating system specific to co-simulation.
Object-Oriented Comodeling Methodology for Development of Domain Specific DEVS Models
Published in Gabriel A. Wainer, Pieter J. Mosterman, Discrete-Event Modeling and Simulation, 2018
The simulation interoperation layer is required only when the simulator should be part of a distributed simulation. A stand-alone simulator that consists of the lower three layers quickly turns out to be interoperable when simply adding the simulation interoperation layer. This layer consists of two parts: High Level Architecture (HLA)/Run-Time Infrastructure (RTI) for external interoperation, and internal protocol conversion for underlying the DES simulation layer. The HLA/RTI is good for interoperation with other simulators. The HLA/RTI, however, does not suffice for this layer because it does not contain any specification for simulation algorithms. The layer requires a specific protocol conversion from HLA/RTI to the underlying DES simulator layer. The DES simulation layer and simulation interoperation layer are beyond the scope of this chapter because it does not affect the cooperation between domain engineers and M&S engineers.
The architectural framework of a cyber physical logistics system for digital-twin-based supply chain control
Published in International Journal of Production Research, 2021
Kyu Tae Park, Yoo Ho Son, Sang Do Noh
An agent in the SC refers to each autonomous decision-making subject that operates to achieve the goals of the entire SC and each agent. Thus, from a software or simulation perspective, the SC process can be viewed as a set of decisions of these agents (Giannakis and Louis 2011). Distributed simulation is discrete event simulation (DES) performed in a distributed environment, whereby distributed simulations are aggregated into a single computing environment to produce results (Fujimoto 2016). The high-level architecture (HLA) standard, which efficiently combines multiple simulations, was proposed for distributed simulation. This standard forms a configuration of each simulation model (federate) and the run-time infrastructure that aggregates the federates (Kuhl, Weatherly, and Dahmann 1999; Rabe, Jäkel, and Weinaug 2006).
A survey of semiconductor supply chain models part I: semiconductor supply chains, strategic network design, and supply chain simulation
Published in International Journal of Production Research, 2018
Lars Mönch, Reha Uzsoy, John W. Fowler
Distributed simulation approaches represent another stream of research in which detailed simulation models of individual facilities in a semiconductor supply chain are connected by the High Level Architecture (HLA) (cf. SISO, IEEE 2016) that provides a run-time infrastructure (RTI) ensuring their interoperability. Lendermann et al. (2003) and Chong et al. (2006) discuss distributed simulation models of simple semiconductor supply chains. Gan et al. (2007) use the HLA to analyse a ‘borderless’ fab scenario where two fabs are located close to each other and specific process steps of some lots can be performed in the neighbouring fab, focusing on the impact of different lot batching sizes for the cross-fab process step on lot transfer frequency and cycle time.