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Emergent Properties and Swarm Intelligence
Published in Hitoshi Iba, AI and SWARM, 2019
Rule 18420 is known as the Burgers cellular automaton (BCA), and has the following important characteristics (Table 4.4): The number of 1s is conserved.Complex changes in the 0–1 patterns are initially observed, however, a pattern always converges to a right-shifting or left-shifting pattern.
Driving behaviour modelling in the context of heterogeneous traffic and poor lane discipline conditions: the state of the art and beyond
Published in Transportmetrica A: Transport Science, 2022
Md. Shafiul Azam, Ashish Bhaskar, Md. Mazharul Haque
Cellular Automata model originated from Wolfram’s rule 184 (Wolfram 1983) has gained immense popularity among traffic flow modellers who have extensively used it to capture macroscopic traffic flow characteristics using minimal microscopic description. A typical CA model consists of four key components: (1) the physical environment or the road segment (2) the state of the cells (3) the neighbourhood of the cells and (4) local transition rules. The road segment is typically discretised into cells of equal size corresponding to the length of the vehicle and driver’s average reaction time is used as time-step to update the events. The physical state of each cell in a CA model is represented by binary numbers, 0 meaning empty or 1 meaning occupied. The model assumes that each cell can be occupied by exactly one vehicle and between consecutive time steps drivers can not react to any other stimulant (Saifuzzaman and Zheng 2014; Zheng 2014).
Observability and reconstructibility of bounded cellular automata
Published in International Journal of Systems Science, 2022
Théo Plénet, Samira El Yacoubi, Clément Raïevsky, Laurent Lefèvre
Finally, the observability and reconstructibility criteria have been applied to two very different examples. The first one is the elementary rule 184 use to model traffic flow. We have shown the benefit of reconstructibility compared to observability for this particular example as well as the decomposition of the reconstructibility problem for a thousand cells. The second example is a two-dimensional forest fire spread model in which we have addressed the observability problem by largely reducing the number of initial configurations and by using a network of mobile sensors.