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Communication
Published in Graeme Dandy, David Walker, Trevor Daniell, Robert Warner, Planning and Design of Engineering Systems, 2018
Graeme Dandy, David Walker, Trevor Daniell, Robert Warner
Plagiarism is wrong and dangerous for a number of reasons. If you have read something it is actually in your interest to cite the source and to quote directly if it is something that is going to help your argument. That is what is referred to as scholarship. Plagiarised material is often quite easy to detect, either by simply reading the material and reflecting on the changes in language, or by using one of the many plagiarism detectors that are available nowadays that can check submissions against a vast range of publicly available material from around the world. It is essential, therefore, to reference all the sources of information which are used in any report or design. When using material, ensure that the source is credited somewhere in the material, e.g., according to Smithers and Smith, 1999. When exact phrases from the original source are used, be sure to use quotation marks to set off any exact text. Paraphrasing can also be deemed to be plagiarism when the same ideas are used as in the original source, so make sure all ideas are referenced.
Communication
Published in Graeme Dandy, Trevor Daniell, Bernadette Foley, Robert Warner, Planning & Design of Engineering Systems, 2018
Graeme Dandy, Trevor Daniell, Bernadette Foley, Robert Warner
Plagiarism is wrong and dangerous for a number of reasons. If you have read something, it is actually in your interest to cite the source and to quote directly if it is something that is going to help your argument. That is what is referred to as scholarship. Plagiarised material is often quite easy to detect, either by simply reading the material and reflecting on the changes in language, or by using one of the many electronic plagiarism detectors that are available nowadays that can check submissions against a vast range of publicly available material from around the world. It is essential, therefore, to reference all the sources of information which are used in any report or design. When using material, ensure that the source is credited somewhere in the material, e.g., according to “Smithers and Smith (1999).” When exact phrases from the original source are used, be sure to use quotation marks to identify any exact text. Paraphrasing can also be deemed to be plagiarism when the same ideas are used, without acknowledgement as in the original source, so make sure all ideas are referenced.
Plagiarism
Published in Vinayak Bairagi, Mousami V. Munot, Research Methodology, 2019
Mousami V. Munot, Sesha S. Srinivasan, Anand S. Bhosle
Paraphrasing is expressing an already reported idea/contribution in your own choice of words or text. In such a scenario, where the author summarizes someone else’s work by just changing the words, reframing them or uses synonyms retaining the essence of the already reported work is still categorized as intentional plagiarism. Consider the following example.
iSTART: Adaptive Comprehension Strategy Training and Stealth Literacy Assessment
Published in International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 2023
Danielle S. McNamara, Tracy Arner, Reese Butterfuss, Ying Fang, Micah Watanabe, Natalie Newton, Kathryn S. McCarthy, Laura K. Allen, Rod D. Roscoe
Self-explanation instruction supports students’ comprehension by scaffolding lower level textbase models and guiding the development of higher-level situation models (see McNamara et al., 2007). At the sentence level, paraphrasing (i.e., restating texts in one’s own words) helps students jumpstart deeper level comprehension processes. Paraphrasing aids in constructing a textbase-level representation of the text and in turn, improves memory of its main gist (McNamara et al., 2006). To go beyond the textbase and construct a coherent situation model of a text, students must also engage in knowledge-building strategies that elicit inferences (Scardamalia & Bereiter, 2006). Students can (1) “bridge” distal information in the text to form a more cohesive global understanding (Kintsch, 1998); (2) “elaborate” text content by drawing associations with prior knowledge, which in turn requires using logic and analogical reasoning to identify connections to previous experiences; and (3) “predict” subsequent text content based on their prior knowledge. Finally, summarization is a strategy that helps students to recognize the key information in text, by identifying what constitutes an extraneous detail and what constitutes an important main idea (Brown et al., 1981). Thus, summary generation supports the reader’s development of a coherent mental representation of the text.
Intelligent Grouping Method of Science and Technology Projects Based on Data Augmentation and SMOTE
Published in Applied Artificial Intelligence, 2022
Paraphrasing is one of the most widely used data augmentation methods which is easy to implement and can produce high-quality data (Li, Hou, and Che 2022). There are many companies such as Baidu and Google have opened translation interfaces due to the rapid development of machine translation. The procedure of paraphrasing is simple. Translating the text from the original language to another intermediate language, and then translating back to the original language to obtain the additional samples. Note that the intermediate language can be one or more. The label of augmented data is the same as the original text. Figure 3 shows an instance of paraphrasing, that translates the original text from Chinese to English and back to obtain the augmented text.