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Applying IEC 61499 Design Paradigms: Object-Oriented Programming, Component-Based Design, and Service-Oriented Architecture
Published in Alois Zoitl, Thomas Strasser, Distributed Control Applications, 2017
Wenbin Dai, Valeriy Vyatkin, James H. Christensen
There are many programming paradigms already developed in the computer science domain, such as structured, imperative, declarative, functional, logical, and object-oriented programming paradigms [16]. These programming paradigms usually fit well for one or more specified domains. Programs may be developed in multi-paradigm styles and a programming language may support many paradigms. Some paradigms have already made significant impacts in the industrial automation domain. For example, the object-oriented paradigm is officially supported by the IEC 61131-3 standard third edition [21]. The object-oriented paradigm is also applied to the IEC 61499 standard in several applications such as airport baggage handling systems [2], process control [1], and smart grid [22] and building automation systems [19]. More importantly, a generic design guideline is expected to be summarized from existing approaches in order to provide comprehensive guidelines for applying various design paradigms in distributed automation programming.
Agent Systems
Published in Vivek Kale, Agile Network Businesses, 2017
Object-oriented programming (OOP) is a software engineering paradigm that uses objects and their interactions to design applications and computer programs. A program is seen as a collection of cooperating objects, as opposed to the traditional view in which a program is seen as a list of instructions to the computer. The OOP paradigm addressed issues of reuse and maintenance by encapsulating data and their corresponding operations within an object class. To change a data structure, it is often necessary to change all the functions related to the data structure. OOP was deployed as an attempt to promote greater flexibility and maintainability, since the concepts of objects in the problem domain have a higher chance of being stable than functions and data structures.
Standardization of IoT Ecosystems
Published in Bharat Bhushan, Sudhir Kumar Sharma, Bhuvan Unhelkar, Muhammad Fazal Ijaz, Lamia Karim, Internet of Things, 2022
Hubert Szczepaniuk, Edyta Karolina Szczepaniuk
In addition to programming languages, programming paradigms are also crucial in the field of application development. Programming paradigms define the structure and principles on which an application algorithm is based. Examples of paradigms are imperative programming or object-oriented programming. When analyzing real IoT projects, it is possible to distinguish programming paradigms that are most often used in this environment. In particular, the following specific programming approaches used in the implementation of IoT solutions should be distinguished (see e.g. [25]):Dataflow programming – the programming paradigm according to which the source code is oriented toward modeling the dataflow between individual operations that transform data. Dataflow programming can facilitate asynchronous dataflow through multiple nodes that handle data from IoT sensors (see e.g. [33]). In the scientific literature, there are concepts based on the assumptions of distributed dataflow in IoT application programming (see e.g. [34, 35]).Event-driven programming – based on the concept in which the control flow in the application depends on events such as user actions or receiving data from IoT input sensors. It is possible to implement a concurrency model and distributed communication (see e.g. [36]). It should be emphasized that recent studies have highlighted possible security problems related to the application of event-driven programming paradigms in the automation of smart houses [37].Functional programming – the implementation of the source code is oriented toward functions that are treated as fundamental values (similar to Int or Float values). When building an algorithm, functions can be passed to other functions as parameters, and they can be returned as a result of other functions. The research shows that the size and complexity of the source code that processes, collects, and interprets data from IoT sensors can be reduced using functional programming techniques [38].Aggregate programming – based on the concept of a computational field being a unified abstraction of construction and inference on large self-organizing networks of devices (see e.g. [39–41]). Aggregate programming enables the implementation of complex distributed services and safe encapsulation, modulation, and composition of services in the IoT environment [41].
A new optimisation model for the selection of optimal cut-off grade using multi-sequential decision algorithm in open-pit metalliferous deposits
Published in International Journal of Mining, Reclamation and Environment, 2023
Pritam Biswas, Rabindra Kumar Sinha, Phalguni Sen
Python 3.7, the perfect multi-paradigm programming language for constructing scientific and corporate applications, has been utilised to create the computer package. It provides a high level of computing speed and data handling. It is compatible with a variety of programming paradigms, including structured, object-oriented, and functional programming. For this model, a framework, version 5, has been utilised. The GUI has been developed with Python 3.7 and designer, included with the Library. The GUI environment is particularly user-friendly for both the program developer and the end-user. , a scientific computation package, has been used to simulate the software ecosystem. Some of the core packages, such as , , , and , have been explicitly utilised for this model.
A notification-oriented solution for data-intensive enterprise information systems – A cloud manufacturing case
Published in Enterprise Information Systems, 2018
Yongxin Liao, Hervé Panetto, Paulo C. Stadzisz, Jean M. Simão
In this given context, a fundamental issue is that the traditional sequential computer science techniques and paradigms are not actually able to fulfil the HMS requirements. These paradigms are Imperative Paradigm (IP) that comprises techniques such as procedural and object-oriented programming and Declarative Paradigm (DP) that comprises techniques such as functional and logic programming. These traditional sequential techniques and paradigms present similar drawbacks, such as the tendency to redundant code and coupled code. This is related to their search orientation (e.g. loop-oriented approaches) over quite passive entities (such as, if-then statements, arrays, and data structures), which tends to create very interdependent pieces of code and code with many temporal and spatial redundancies (Simão and Stadzisz 2009; Simão et al. 2012a; Ronszcka et al. 2015; Ronszcka et al. 2017b).