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Arithmetic, Relational and Logical Operators and Expressions
Published in Subrata Ray, Fortran 2018 with Parallel Programming, 2019
The variables declared within a block construct are lost when the block is exited. In case the variable declared above the block construct (as shown later—known as global variable) has the same name as the variable declared within the block, called local variable for the block, the local variable always prevails (visible) over the global variable having the same name within the block. The global variable is not available within the block when there is a name conflict. The global variable reappears when the block is exited. program block_demointeger:: i ! global to the blocki=27 block integer:: i ! local to the block i=77; print *, iend blockprint *, iend program block_demo
Programming in MATLAB
Published in José Miguel, David Báez-López, David Alfredo Báez Villegas, ® Handbook with Applications to Mathematics, Science, Engineering, and Finance, 2019
José Miguel, David Báez-López, David Alfredo Báez Villegas
In the previous section we saw how we can pass variables between a main program and a function. We learned that values do not pass just by giving the same name to variables. They need to be passed by value in order to be used in another function or in a main program. Variables defined in this way are called local variables. This may be convenient sometimes when we wish to use the same name for different variables, and we do not wish to change the variable values. When we define a variable, MATLAB assigns it as a local variable. Unless the programmer wishes to use in another function with the same value, we have to remove the local variable restriction and declare it as a global variable. In this way, every time we refer to a given variable previously declared as a global one, it is going to have the same value, and if this value is changed, it is going to change in any other function and main program where the variable is declared as global. This means that if a function does not declare it as a global variable, it will not have the global variable value in that function. The instruction to declare a variable as global is global a b
AI Programming Languages and Tools
Published in Adrian A. Hopgood, Intelligent Systems for Engineers and Scientists, 2021
The fact that accept returns a value is made explicit by the use of return in the final line of the definition to return the final value of shortlist. The variables shortlist and each_spec are introduced within the definition of the function, which means that they are local to it. Any values that are assigned to local variables within a function will be lost when its execution finishes.
Sequential Optimization in Locally Important Dimensions
Published in Technometrics, 2021
Munir A. Winkel, Jonathan W. Stallrich, Curtis B. Storlie, Brian J. Reich
When optimizing a function where each evaluation is expensive, one goal is to obtain the largest in as few evaluations of f as possible. To that end, we proposed SOLID, a new method that measures local variable importance around and uses this information to optimize f in a sequential design. Whereas global variable selection permanently removes globally inactive variables, our local variable selection approach is flexible, adapting to the uncertainty of . We tailored local variable selection to optimize the search for both the maximizer of the AEI acquisition function and the global maximizer. Rather than exploring the entire p-dimensional space, SOLID examines only the locally active variables. In a simulation study, we found that our definition of local importance successfully captured the subset of locally active variables across multiple test functions. By reducing the optimization dimension global and local variable selection, our SOLID algorithm achieved higher values compared to the standard methods, for a fixed number of sequential evaluations.
One dimensional nonlocal integro-differential model & gradient elasticity model : Approximate solutions and size effects
Published in Mechanics of Advanced Materials and Structures, 2019
B. Umesh, A. Rajagopal, J. N. Reddy
Linear elastic theories are based on assumption that the stress at a point is related to the strain at that point through generalized Hooke’s law given by, see [51] where is fourth-order linear elasticity tensor. Whereas in nonlocal theories, Eringen proposed the nonlocal constitutive model as, see [50] where is termed as generalized elastic stiffness. For homogeneous and isotropic material, it is reasonable to replace the generalized elastic stiffness as product of Kernel function and elasticity tensor. where is the Kernel function and ℓc material length scale. Further, Kernel function is normalized to result a uniform nonlocal variable for the case of uniform local variable. In the present work, an exponential form of Kernel function chosen given by
Elementary operations: a novel concept for source-level timing estimation
Published in Automatika, 2019
Nikolina Frid, Danko Ivošević, Vlado Sruk
Source code in Figure 4 represents four cases of operations with mixed type and origin of operands. The initial elementary operations classification scheme proposal does not give explicit specifications for determining elementary operation class in such cases. Thus, we additionally introduce origin priority. Priorities are defined based on difference in locality due to the way the compiler implements each of the operand type (from highest to lowest) and the idea is to select operation class based on the operand with the highest priority: parameter arrayglobal arraylocal arrayparameter variableglobal variablelocal variable