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Semantic Technologies for IoT
Published in B.K. Tripathy, J. Anuradha, Internet of Things (IoT), 2017
Viswanathan Vadivel, Shridevi Subramanian
Literals are fixed values. Some examples of literals include strings, dates, and numbers. Literals are related with a data type which allows values to be parsed and interpreted appropriately. It may appear only in the object position but not in the subject or the predicate positions in the RDF triple. Generally, literals with string data type can be related with a language tag. Consider the following example: “dimanche” can be related with the “fr” language tag and “Sunday” with the “en” language tag.
Test Generation from Boolean Generator for Detection of Missing Gate Faults (MGF) in Reversible Circuit Using Boolean Difference Method
Published in IETE Journal of Research, 2022
Bappaditya Mondal, Chandan Bandyopadhyay, Dipak Kumar Kole, Debesh Kumar Das, Hafizur Rahaman
Now, the variable is compared with the term and is upgraded to find out the generator which eventually will compute the test set for all the SMGFs in the circuit. The product term () in variable is compared with each term of and the literal matching in between the terms are performed. The product term () in variable has literal matches in two positions with the term () in variable and the term () of has one literal match with the term () in .
On black-box optimization in divide-and-conquer SAT solving
Published in Optimization Methods and Software, 2021
O. S. Zaikin, S. E. Kochemazov
A Boolean variable x is a variable that can take only two values , often represented by respectively. A literal is either a Boolean variable or its negation . A sequence of literals connected by logical ‘or’, eg , is called a disjunction or a clause. It takes the value of if and only if any of the literals takes this value. A conjunction (logical ‘and’) of clauses is called a Conjunctive Normal Form (CNF). Any Boolean formula can be represented in CNF [59]. The Boolean satisfiability problem (SAT) in its decision variant is then formulated as follows: for a CNF C over Boolean variables from set , to answer the question whether there exists such an assignment of variables from X that once each variable is set to , the CNF C becomes . If such an assignment exists, then it is called satisfying assignment and C is called satisfiable. If there are no assignments satisfying the formula, then the formula is called unsatisfiable.
A MaxSAT based approach for QoS cloud services
Published in International Journal of Parallel, Emergent and Distributed Systems, 2020
Abderrahim Ait Wakrime, Said Jabbour, Nabil Hameurlain
We first introduce the satisfiability problem (SAT) and some necessary notations. SAT corresponds to the problem of deciding if a formula of propositional classical logic is consistent or not. It is one of the most studied NP-complete decision problem. We consider the conjunctive normal form (CNF) representation for the propositional formulas. A CNF formula Φ is a conjunction of clauses, where a clause is a disjunction of literals. A literal is a positive (p) or negated () propositional variable. The two literals p and are called complementary. We denote by the complementary literal of l, i.e. if l=p, then and if , then . For a set of literals L, is defined as . A CNF formula can also be seen as a set of clauses, and a clause as a set of literals. Let us recall that any propositional formula can be translated to CNF using linear Tseitin's encoding [5]. We denote by (respectively ) the set of propositional variables (respectively literals) occurring in Φ.